Cellulite reduction is a popular yet difficult aesthetic treatment. Cellulite reduction can be done either using at home techniques or in salon techniques. Non-surgical solutions are often performed in aesthetic practise using treatments such as Laser, RF and some cellulite specific technologies.
Cellulite is a very common condition. It is a harmless condition and is considered cosmetic but some people find it bothersome. The appearance of the skin is lumpy and dimpled and is seen in areas such as:
The appearance of cellulite is often described as the appearance of cottage cheese orange peel. You can see only forms of mild cellulite if you pinch your skin whereas when it becomes more severe is of rumpled appearance with peaks and troughs.
Cellulite actually affects both men and women but is much more prevalent in women than it is in men. Women can start exhibiting signs of cellulite just after puberty.
There is not thought to be one reason for the cause of cellulite but a combination of factors that affect the severity and the prevalence.
All these factors help point to why Cellulite is more prevalent and worse in women than it is in men.
Cellulite is a very difficult skin condition to treat. Also, generally speaking there is no one treatment that cures and treats all cellulite. A lot of treatments claim to reduce the appearance but none are clinically proven.
Treatment options can be either lifestyle changes of medical procedures
Weight - By losing weight this can help with the appearance of cellulite especially if you have more weight to lose.
Exercise - By regularly exercising this causes more muscle tone which can improve the appearance of cellulite. Strength training is particularly good for building muscle tone to help with the appearance of cellulite.
Massage - A massage can help with improving circulation and lymphatic draining which also can help the appearance of cellulite
Diet - Eating a balanced diet to help maintain a healthy weight which includes limiting processed foods as they are often high in unhealthy fat and sugar.
Hydration - Always drink plenty of water to help flush out toxins and main skin elasticity
Stress - A reduction in stress can help maintain hormonal imbalance and fluid retention to combat the signs of cellulite.
Sleep - An essential for overall health and regulate hormones and reduce stress
Smoking - Can cause damage to collagen and elastin, the proteins that give skin its structure which would increase the appearance of cellulite.
Dry brushing is a non-surgical treatment for cellulite that involves using a stiff-bristled brush to exfoliate the skin while its dry. There is no direct clinical evidence for dry brushing but does offer some benefits that may help the appearance of cellulite such as
Topical creams. There are creams for sale that claim to reduce cellulite but again there is little supporting clinical evidence. They typically contain a combination of ingredients that aim to improve skin texture, boost circulation, and reduce fluid retention.
Here are some of the popular ingredients for cellulite creams:
Compression wear such as tights, shorts and leggings provide a gentle compression to the area worn which increases blood circulation and reduces fluid retention which helps with appearance of the skin and less visible cellulite potentially. There is no conclusive evidence as compression garments do not address the structural issues of skin and thus cellulite formation. They are a low cost option but would only offer temporary improvements.
There are a number of aesthetic procedures that can help with cellulite and these include
Laser - An example of this is Cellulaze where a laser fibre is inserted under the skin to break down the bands causing cellulite , release fat and stimulate new collagen. It shows immediate results that last years associated with minor bruising and swelling. The cost of treatment is £3000 -£6000
Laser liposuction - Is a minimally invasive procedure and is sometimes called Vaser. It uses a laser to melt fat cells. The laser energy is delivered for a thin cannula under the skin to melt the fat and then it is removed via suction. The laser stimulates collagen to help with the appearance of cellulite. By removing the fat and tightening the skin this can lead to the appearance of cellulite diminished. It is not a primary treatment for cellulite but can offer some improvements. There is discomfort and some downtime and can be expensive at £3000-£5000
Ultrasound - Sound waves are used to disrupt the fibrous bands and improve blood flow while enhancing skin elasticity. A visible reduction of cellulite is seen after 4-6 sessions and is a quick and painless procedure costing £200 -£500 per session
Radiofrequency - Heat energy is used to stimulate collagen and tighten the skin to reduce the appearance of cellulite. There is an improved in 4-8 sessions with no downtime and would cost £700 - £1000 per session
Avéli™ - Minimally invasive targeting the structural cause of cellulite by releasing the fibrous bands creating the dimpling appearance. Generally associated with immediate and long-lasting results with minimal downtime (mild bruising and swelling. This is a very expensive treatment at around £3000 to £6000
Subcision - A needle is used to release the fibrous septa under the skin. Results are visible for up to 3 years and are associated with mid bruising and costs £3000 -£5000.
Vacuum - Small blades are used to release the fibrous bands allowing a bounce back effect to reduce cellulite. Results last 2 -3 years and are associated with mid bruising and swelling. Costs of treatment are £4000 - £7000
Cryolipolysis - This reduces the fat layer beneath the skin making the appearance of cellulite less. There is a gradual reduction over 2-months with minor numbness. Cost of treatment is £750 -£1500 per site.
Endermologie - is a non-invasive, FDA-cleared treatment that uses a specialized machine to reduce the appearance of cellulite. It involves mechanical massage that combines suction and rolling to stimulate the skin and underlying tissues. There is no downtime but may require several treatments twice a week and costs £300 to £500 per session
Consult a professional: If you have concerns about cellulite or are looking for personalized advice, consult a healthcare professional or a dermatologist.
The mind-body connection plays a significant role in how we perceive and experience cellulite.
Stress and hormones
Stress can trigger a hormone imbalance. This potentially leads to increased fat storage and fluid retention.
Emotional well-being
A Negative self-image and body dissatisfaction can exacerbate the psychological impact of cellulite
Mindful practices
Techniques like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help reduce stress, promote relaxation, and foster self-acceptance.
Positive self-talk
Shifting from self-criticism to self-compassion can improve body image and reduce the emotional distress associated with cellulite.
Holistic approach
Addressing the mind-body connection can enhance the effectiveness of other cellulite treatments and lifestyle changes.
The very first laser designed to destroy hair follicles was invented by Theodore H. Maiman in 1960, using a ruby laser.
In the 1970s, the alexandrite laser was developed, which was safer but still lacked enough heat to permanently destroy hair follicles. In 1983, scientists developed a laser that could precisely target individual hair follicles without damaging the surrounding skin, paving the way for effective laser hair removal. The first FDA approval for a laser hair removal device came in 1995 for the SoftLight by ThermoLase, though it proved to be less effective than later devices. In 1997, the FDA approved several more devices that targeted the melanin in hair follicles, providing better and more permanent hair reduction results
Early laser hair removal primarily relied on ruby lasers and alexandrite lasers. Over the years, major advances have been made in laser technology, speeding up treatment times and providing safer, more effective hair removal on all skin tones.
Today, common laser hair removal machines include alexandrite, diode, and Nd:YAG lasers. These use light wavelengths that are absorbed by the melanin in hair. Pulses of laser light heat the hair follicles, disabling their ability to regrow hair.
Examples of which can be found in our manufacturers pages or in our used pages.
Laser hair removal has skyrocketed in popularity due to its speed and long-lasting results compared to shaving, waxing, and electrolysis. With multiple treatments, laser hair removal can provide up to 90% permanent hair reduction.
Laser hair removal works by using concentrated beams of light to target and destroy hair follicles.
The laser emits a beam of light that is absorbed by the melanin pigment in the hair follicle. Melanin gives hair its colour, and allows the follicle to absorb the laser energy. The follicle absorbs the light and converts it into heat, which causes thermal damage to the follicle. This disrupts the hair growth cycle and prevents future hair regrowth.
The laser wavelength and pulse duration are calibrated to target only the follicle. The energy passes through the skin harmlessly until it reaches the follicle and into the hair bulb. This provides selective damage to the hair and dermal papilla without affecting the surrounding tissues.
Proper candidate selection and treatment parameters allow the laser to disable hair follicles during each session.
Repeat treatments are scheduled as needed until satisfactory hair reduction is achieved. With each session hairs or reduce or become finer and lighter.
Laser hair removal works best for people with light skin and dark hair. The laser targets the melanin pigment in the hair follicle, so if there is a stark contrast between hair and skin colour then this will lead to the best results..
The most suitable candidates have fair skin with dark, coarse hair. Light blond, red, grey, and white hair has very little melanin pigment and is more resistant to laser treatment. However, recent advances in laser technology allow for the safe and effective treatment of darker skin tones.
The areas of the body that respond best to laser hair removal include:
~ Face: Laser works extremely well for upper lip hair, chin hair, and facial hair removal. It's a common treatment for women and men.
~ Underarms: The underarm area has coarse, dark hairs that are ideal for laser removal. Just a few treatments can provide long-lasting smoothness.
~ Bikini line: Bikini hair removal is one of the most popular laser treatments. It's a convenient way to achieve a hair-free bikini line.
~ Legs: Laser hair removal on the legs removes unwanted hair from the thighs, calves, ankles, and feet. It provides smoother skin and eliminates the need to regularly shave.
~ Back and chest: Excessive hair growth on the back and chest is common in men. Laser hair removal is an effective way to reduce dense hair in these areas.
~ Arms: Underarm hair extends down the arms for many individuals. Lasers can remove this unwanted arm hair.
~ Active skin infections, rashes, open wounds, or sunburned skin should not be lasered.
~ Certain medical conditions may preclude laser hair removal. Individuals who are pregnant, have diabetes, take medications that increase photosensitivity, or have a history of skin cancer should first consult with a dermatologist.
~ Teenagers often want to undergo laser hair removal to remove unwanted facial or body hair. However, hormonal changes may cause new hair growth. It's generally better to wait until full maturity to begin laser hair removal.
With careful consultation and treatment by a trained professional, most people with unwanted hair are good candidates for safe, effective laser hair removal.
One of the most important considerations in laser hair removal is selecting the appropriate laser wavelength and settings based on the client's skin type. There are three main laser types used for hair removal - alexandrite, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers.
Alexandrite laser is one type of laser used in laser hair removal. It emits a wavelength of light (755 nanometers) that is absorbed by melanin, the pigment that gives hair its colour. The absorption of light energy heats up the hair follicle, damaging it and inhibiting future hair growth.
Alexandrite laser is considered to be one of the most effective types of lasers for hair removal, especially for people with light skin and dark hair. It is also relatively fast, able to treat larger areas of skin in a shorter amount of time than some other types of lasers.
Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser is another type of laser commonly used for hair removal. Unlike Alexandrite lasers, Nd:YAG lasers utilise a longer wavelength (1064 nanometers). This longer wavelength has a lower affinity for melanin in the skin, making it a safer option for individuals with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick types 4-6) compared to other lasers.
Diode lasers emit a wavelength of light around 800-810 nanometers. This wavelength targets melanin in the hair follicle but offers deeper penetration. Diode lasers are generally effective on a wider range of skin tones (Fitzpatrick types I to V1) compared to Alexandrite lasers. They work well for coarse or dark hair, but may require more sessions for lighter, finer hair.
|
Feature |
Alexandrite Laser |
Nd:YAG Laser |
Diode Laser |
|
Wavelength |
755 nm |
1064 nm |
800-810 nm |
|
Effectiveness |
Best for light skin & dark hair |
Works on a wider range of skin tones & hair colours |
Effective on most skin tones & coarse hair |
|
Skin Types |
I to III (possibly light IV) |
I to IV |
I to V |
|
Benefits |
Effective on thin hair, faster treatment |
Safer for darker skin tones, targets ingrown hairs |
A wider range of skin tones, deeper penetration, faster treatment times (often with cooling) |
Diode Lasers: Triple Wavelength
Triple-wavelength diode lasers are a recent advancement in laser hair removal technology. These systems combine the benefits of three individual wavelengths (755nm, 808nm, and 1064nm) into a single device, offering a more versatile and potentially more effective approach.
Here's how the different wavelengths work in a triple-wavelength diode laser:
755nm: This wavelength has the highest melanin absorption, making it ideal for targeting fine, light-coloured hair and achieving faster results, particularly on lighter skin tones (Fitzpatrick types I to III).
808nm: Often referred to as the "gold standard" for laser hair removal, this mid-range wavelength offers a balance between melanin absorption and penetration depth. It effectively targets most hair types and skin tones (Fitzpatrick types I to V) and delivers high-power pulses for faster treatment times.
1064nm: This longer wavelength has the deepest penetration and lower melanin absorption. It's most beneficial for treating thicker, coarse hair on darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick types IV to V) with minimal risk of side effects.
Advantages of Triple-Wavelength Diode Lasers:
Versatility: A single device can address a wider range of hair colours, thicknesses, and skin tones compared to single-wavelength lasers.
Potentially More Effective: By combining the strengths of different wavelengths, triple-wavelength lasers may achieve better results, especially for stubborn hair or a mix of hair types on a single person.
See video on Laser hair removal
Alternative approaches could include IPL. IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) for hair removal is a method that uses intense pulses of broad-spectrum light to target and disable hair follicles, preventing future hair growth. The IPL device emits multiple wavelengths of light that are absorbed by the melanin pigment present in the hair shaft and follicle. This absorption of light energy generates heat, which travels down the hair shaft and damages the hair follicle and its regenerative cells. The light is attracted to the melanin in the hair, so IPL works best on individuals with darker hair and lighter skin tones, as the contrast allows for more precise targeting of the follicles. Read our section on laser vs IPL for more information.
Laser hair removal can be highly effective for those with darker skin tones when performed correctly. However, there are some unique benefits and challenges when treating darker skin that technicians must understand.
The main benefits of laser hair removal for darker skin is in tackling coarse, thick hair that other methods struggle to remove. The laser energy can target the entire hair follicle beneath the skin's surface. This allows for long-lasting smooth skin when repeated over several sessions.
The main challenge lies in the laser's ability to differentiate between the pigment in the hair follicles and the surrounding skin. Darker skin contains more melanin, so there is a risk of burning if the laser is not calibrated properly. This makes the choice of laser and technique extremely important.
For darker skin, an Nd:YAG laser is the safest and most effective option. The Nd:YAG laser beam has a longer wavelength than other lasers, which allows it to penetrate deeper into the skin. This deeper penetration helps treat the entire hair follicle while still minimising damage to the surrounding skin.
Technicians must adjust the laser settings based on the individual's skin tone to avoid side effects. This includes using a lower fluence setting and shorter pulse duration. The laser should be applied in consecutive pulses rather than one long pulse. Proper cooling of the skin before and after the treatment will also reduce unwanted side effects.
With the right laser and appropriate technique, those with darker skin can achieve excellent results from laser hair removal safely and effectively. Taking the time to adjust settings and properly cool the skin makes all the difference in preventing burns. When performed by an experienced technician, laser hair removal is one of the best solutions for dealing with unwanted hair for darker skin tones.
Fair skin tones respond very well to laser hair removal, but special care must be taken to avoid burns or damage to the skin. The benefits of treating fair skin include:
· Fewer treatments needed. Light skin with dark, coarse hair is the ideal combination for laser hair removal. Fair skin absorbs less laser energy, allowing for more energy to reach the hair follicle. This means faster results with fewer sessions.
· Long-lasting results. For those with fair skin and dark hair, laser hair removal can permanently destroy hair follicles, preventing regrowth for years.
· Treatment of fine hair. Lasers can effectively target fine, light coloured hair on fair skin that may be difficult to treat with other methods.
However, those with fair skin are at a higher risk of burns, blisters, and hypopigmentation from laser treatment. To safely treat fair skin, practitioners should:
· Use longer wavelengths. An Alexandrite laser with a wavelength of 755 nm is generally recommended for fair skin, as it is less likely to damage the skin's surface.
· Use lower energy settings. Start with conservative laser strength and gradually increase as tolerated.
· Apply cooling techniques during the procedure. Using cryogen cooling of the skin can help prevent adverse effects.
· Use post-treatment soothing creams. Hydrocortisone cream or aloe vera can relieve sensitivity.
Laser hair removal on the face requires precision and care. The areas treated on the face include the upper lip, chin, cheeks, and neck. These areas need special attention compared to other body parts.
When performing laser hair removal on the face, technicians use lower settings than other areas. The skin on the face is more sensitive. Using higher laser settings can lead to burns or hyperpigmentation. For the best results, start with lower settings and increase as tolerated.
The facial features also require more precision. With smaller treatment areas on the face, the laser needs to be targeted carefully at each hair follicle without overlapping. Overlapping laser pulses can cause unwanted side effects.
Technicians may use special lens attachments for smaller spot sizes during facial hair removal. Working around the eyes, nose and mouth demands higher accuracy.
Patients with darker skin tones have higher risks with facial laser hair removal. The contrast between the pigment in darker skin and hair follicles is less defined. Adjusting settings precisely helps avoid inadvertently targeting melanin in the skin instead of the hair.
With care and precision, laser technicians can safely and effectively remove unwanted hair from the face. While requiring lower settings and higher accuracy, the results are smooth skin and stubble-free faces.
Laser hair removal can be used to treat unwanted hair on many areas of the body. Some of the most common treatment areas are the underarms, bikini area, legs, arms, and back.
When it comes to body hair removal, laser technicians can safely use higher settings compared to the face. This allows for more effective targeting of the pigment in thicker, darker body hairs. However, more sessions are often required to achieve satisfactory long-term results.
On areas like the legs and back, where hair growth is dense, patients may need between 6-10 sessions spaced 4-6 weeks apart. Treating hair on smaller areas like the underarms and bikini line may require 4-8 sessions. After the initial course of treatments, maintenance sessions every 6-12 months can keep regrowth minimal.
|
I |
Always burns, never tans. |
|
II |
Usually burns, tans with difficulty |
|
III |
Sometimes burns, tans gradually to olive complexion |
|
IV |
Rarely burns, tans with ease to moderate brown |
|
V |
Very rarely burns, tans easily |
|
VI |
Never burns, tans very easily, deeply pigmented |
With today's advanced laser technology, all skin tones can be safely treated.
There are lots of different types of skin rejuvenation treatments available using a wealth of different technologies. These technologies can split into groups such as
Non invasive which includes things like home care skin rejuvenation products, facial procedures either at home or in salon.
Lightly invasive group of treatments that are done in salons or clinics such as chemical peels, HydraFacial treatment, IPL treatments, laser and microneedling, invasive facelifts and ablative lasers as well as deeper needling treatments. Examples of which can be found in our manufacturers pages or in our used pages.
Skin rejuvenations for customers will depend on factors such as:
Some of the major concerns regarding skin rejuvenation can be things such as:
There are lots of different treatments that are available for skin rejuvenation and some of the most popular that are used in aesthetic practices are
Botox and Fillers injections: Botox is a medication that relaxes muscles. It is often used to treat wrinkles around the eyes and forehead.
Chemical peels: Chemical peels are a type of facial that uses a chemical solution to remove the outer layer of skin. This can improve the appearance of wrinkles, sun damage, and acne scars.
Microneedling: Microneedling is a procedure that uses tiny needles to create punctures in the skin. This triggers the body's natural healing process, which can improve the appearance of wrinkles and tighten skin.
IPL treatments: This is also referred to as a photo facial treatment and is a non- invasive procedure where intense pulses of light are used to improve the appearance of skin. It is popular for treatments for pigmentation, vascular treatments and antiaging.
IPL works by delivering broad pulses of light to the skin to target special chromophores in the skin such as melanin or haemoglobin. The chromophore absorbs the light causing heat energy to destroy them. The body then removes the dead cells which leaves the skin looking younger and refreshed.
Laser treatments (non ablative): These laser treatments, unlike ablative laser treatments, do not remove the skin's surface but instead penetrate the skin deeper to heat up the dermis and stimulate the growth of collagen. This is a gentle approach to ablative treatments with shorter recovery time for patients.
Laser skin resurfacing: Laser skin resurfacing uses a laser to remove the outer layer of skin. This can be a very effective treatment for wrinkles, sun damage, and acne scars, it is also one of the more expensive and invasive procedures.
HydraFacial: This is a relatively new skin rejuvenation treatment for clearer, brighter skin and a healthy glow. It combines different steps in one clinic session to do the following to the skin
LED light skin rejuvenation: is also referred to as LED light therapy. This is non-invasive and uses different wavelengths of light to improve the skin. It is a very safe procedure, painless with no downtime. The most common lights used in LED therapy are:
Patients need to be well informed so that they understand the:
A skin rejuvenation program should be specific to the individual. You should advise your patient of the care and attention you will take to tailor the result for their unique needs.
Skin rejuvenation for someone in their 20 and 30’s might not need cosmetic procedures or invasive treatments but may just require a skin care routine recommendation that will stand them in good stead for years to come.
Patients may need advice on:
There are also specific skincare for more targeted concerns such as wrinkles and fine lines like Retinol or retinoids.
Patients could also be advised to use Vitamin C treatments for generally brightening the skin and avoiding sun damage.
More advanced treatments maybe in the form of chemical peels and HydraFacial treatments which prove popular with this age group..
Skin rejuvenation for someone in the 40’s and 50’s could look a little different but the starting block is always a balanced lifestyle with plenty of hydration.
A good skin care program is also a must remember things from their 20’s and 30’s that have stood them in good stead like sun protection, diet and sleep, as well as cleanser, exfoliation and moisturiser.
There may also be the need for retinol and vitamin c as discussed earlier.
In the 40’s and 50’s skin rejuvenation might also involve the need for aesthetic procedures but will most likely focus on minimally invasive treatments.
These treatments could be
Botox and Fillers injections: Botox is a medication that relaxes muscles. It is often used to treat wrinkles around the eyes and forehead.
Chemical peels: Chemical peels are a type of facial that uses a chemical solution to remove the outer layer of skin. This can improve the appearance of wrinkles, sun damage, and acne scars.
Laser and IPL: Used to treat a variety of skin concerns like:
Skin rejuvenation for the over 60’S
The older we get, the more hydration becomes important and skin gets thinner and dryer with age.
A cleanser, exfoliation and hydration skin care program is paramount to achieving skin rejuvenation as well as the must that is sun protection.
Some of the common treatments for the over 60’s are:
As we get older the need for more invasive treatments may also arise such as ablative laser treatments. It would be a good idea to check on your client’s sleep and exercise to aid their skin rejuvenation program.
Requires hydration with a gentle cleanser to keep the natural oils in the skin. Moisturiser should be used morning and night. Treatments could be HydraFacial, hydration masks and avoid harsher treatments like chemical peels of laser that can cause further skin dryness.
Requires oil control and minimising pores. A cleanser should be used to remove excess oil and an oil free moisturiser. Treatments should include exfoliation, clay masks and possible chemical peels to address concerns.
Often most difficult and as it requires different treatments for different zones with a combination of the dry and oily skin for the appropriate area.
The focus here is smooth and gentle fragrance free products specially formulated for sensitive skin. Calming masks are great for sensitive skin. More invasive treatments can include Laser, IPL and microneedling with minimal downtime.
Skin rejuvenation cost can vary depending on
If the clinic is a doctor led clinic of aesthetic clinic
Some of the more common prices are
Botox £150 -£600
Fillers £300 - £2000
Chemical peels £100 -£500
HydraFacial £50 -£250
Microneedling £150 - £500
IPL £50 -£400
Laser £100 -£500
Ablative laser £500 -£3000
Laser tattoo removal has become one of the most sought-after aesthetic treatments. We are still seeing a year-on-year rise in the demand for tattoo removal. This is more prevalent in the 20+ age group. It is estimated that 1 in 9 people have chosen to have a tattoo removed In the UK, making the demand high and increasing for a number of reasons such as:
Lasers are considered to be the gold standard to get rid of an unwanted tattoo. Other methods that can be used to remove a tattoo are:
Laser tattoo removal works by the following process with the goal to shatter ink particles in the skin with high intense pulses of laser energy. These fragments are then absorbed into the bloodstream and passed out of the body.
Stage 1 Ink targeting: During the aesthetic procedure of laser tattoo removal a laser is used to emit a high energy, short focused beam of light directly at the tattoo
Stage 2 Breaking down of ink: The key to this is to have the correct wavelength of light. The ink colour needs to absorb the laser light. This causes the particles to rapidly heat up and fragment into smaller pieces.
Stage 3 the clean-up: Once the ink has been fragmented the smaller particles are no longer large enough to stay put. The body’s immune system kicks in and the white blood cells or macrophages eat up the smaller particles.
Stage 4 elimination: The smaller particles are seen as a foreign body by the macrophages and carry the particles through the bloodstream to be eliminated from the body.
Stage 5 fading: With each laser session more and more ink particles are broken down and subsequently removed. So the tattoo fades more and more with each treatment.
It is important to remember that multiple treatments are needed to remove a tattoo as tattoo ink is at various depths within the skin and each treatment will help remove only one layer of ink.
It is also worth noting that the body’s immune system takes time to remove the fragments so time is needed between sessions.
To get rid of a tattoo successfully there are a number of factors that need to be taken into account such as:
In order to achieve successful laser tattoo removal, the laser machine is a key factor. The laser will need to be able to deliver the correct wavelength for the ink to absorb the laser light. It will also need enough power to be able to penetrate the deeper layers of the tattoo.
Laser tattoo removal machines can be broken down into 2 main categories. Active Q switch and Passive Q switch.
Active Q switch is a more complex production with the energy generated by an articulated arm. This allows a shorter pulse width, greater pulse energy and greater peak power.
Passive Q switch is generated in the handpiece itself so is substantially cheaper but not as effective.
For example, a typical active nanosecond Q switch will have a pulse width of approx. 5 to 6 nanoseconds whereas a passive Q switch will be around 25 nanoseconds.
If you have the same energy coming out of the laser it means you have around 5 times the pulse energy with the active Q switch. So 5 times the power. This makes a great deal of difference when trying to remove tattoos.
Another factor to mention with active and passive Q switch lasers is that passive Q switch lasers do not always deliver the energy in one single shot.
For example, a 1 joule system could deliver the energy in a chain of 4 smaller pulses. The tattoo only responds to the first bit of energy which can result in a passive Q switch laser not removing the tattoo. Active Q switch lasers deliver the energy in a single shot!
Also important to consider with laser tattoo removal is the wavelength of light. We mentioned earlier that the laser energy is absorbed by the ink. So if you don’t have the wavelength within the laser that the ink will absorb you are not going to get good laser tattoo removal.
Both passive and active Q switch lasers have 1064nm (ND:YAG)and 532nm (KTP).
Active Q switch can then have additional wavelengths such as:
1064nm laser:
Effective for dark colours such as:
1064nm is considered relatively safe for tattoo removal.
532nm laser:
Effective for colour removal as the 532nm is a green light so is used for:
694nm laser:
This is also referred to as a ruby laser and is effective at removal of
755nm laser:
This is also referred to as an Alexandrite laser and is effective at removing
585nm laser:
This is a yellow light and is effective in removing
650nm laser:
This is effective in removal
It is worth noting that the 585nm and 650nm are generally achieved through dye filters in laser handpieces. They are generally only a quarter of the power of the laser at best so are not always effective.
Picosecond lasers are one of the latest trends in tattoo removal with picosecond pulses instead of nanosecond pulses. The main difference between these types of lasers is the pulse duration which is the length of time the laser interacts with the target tissue.
Picosecond: One picosecond is one trillionth of a second (10^-12 seconds). Pico lasers deliver ultra-short pulses.
Due to the shorter pulse duration, picosecond lasers create a photomechanical effect. This generates a rapid pressure wave that shatters the target pigment into very small particles without significant heat generation.
Generally associated with less pain, fewer side effects, and faster healing times due to the minimal thermal impact.
Nanosecond: One nanosecond is one billionth of a second (10^-9 seconds). Nanosecond lasers deliver pulses that are thousands of times longer than picosecond lasers.
Nanosecond lasers rely on a photothermal effect. The longer pulse duration heats the target, causing it to break down. This can lead to more surrounding tissue damage.
May cause more discomfort during treatment, have a higher risk of scarring, and require more downtime for healing.
Consultation:
The aesthetic professional or clinical should take a medical history focusing on any allergies, medications and history of skin conditions.
This will involve a close look at the tattoo and looking at factors like size location, age of tattoo and colours.
Based on the assessment the clinic should discuss a treatment plan which should offer the correct laser and wavelengths of light for the tattoo as well as an estimate on the number of sessions, expected results and risks/side effects.
The practitioner should now be able to provide an estimate of cost based on the number of sessions and size of the tattoo. The cost for treatments will vary from £50 -£500 per session as mentioned the number of sessions is determined by the:
Is it a professional tattoo or a cosmetic tattoo? Cosmetic tattoos are generally black and do not have the same layers as a professional tattoo so easy to remove. An example of this would be semi-permanent makeup.
You should provide your client with a clear indication of healing times and how to minimise any complications.
The area to be cleaned and treated and they may administer a numbing gel. Laser protection eyewear should be given also to shield from the laser.
The laser will be delivered in pulses to the tattoo. This session can vary depending on the energy used and pain tolerance. Sometimes a cooling machine can be used alongside the laser to minimise pain.
This will depend on the tattoo size and complexity. In general laser tattoo removal treatments are quick as the lasers fire at a very fast rate.
Redness, swelling and tenderness are generally expected post treatment and quite often bleeding and blistering can occur.
Laser tattoo removal is generally considered to be a safe treatment if done by a qualified professional with a respected laser machine.
Compete removal will require multiple sessions spread out every 6-8 weeks. All types of tattoos can be removed from coloured tattoos to just black ones with the correct laser machine.
Cleaning and caring for the treated area is crucial for healing and minimising risk of infection
Sun exposure can interfere with healing so direct sunlight is recommended to be avoided.
Gradual fading should occur after each session until the tattoo is completely gone.
Laser tattoo removal can be done on all skin types including darker skin tones. With the advancements in laser technology, the treatments are a lot safer and more effective. It is worth noting Nd:YAG lasers are particularly effective at treating black ink and are safe on darker skin types as the longer wavelength minimises damage to the surrounding skin.
Generally, more treatment sessions will be needed on darker skin tones as the concentration of melanin is higher than in lighter skin tones.
There is however an increased risk on darker skin tones with laser tattoo removal. The risks include:
This is not an issue to have laser treatment for tattoo removal but it is worth keeping in mind.
A gentle treatment may be needed. Which means lower energy and short pulses
Cooling may be needed to reduce inflammation and soothe the skin
Sessions may need to be spaced out further to allow more healing time between treatments.
The key to all laser tattoo removal is to ensure the treatment is done with a professional, well maintained laser machine with the right technology to remove the tattoo.
Acne is a common skin condition that can be found in all ages, male and female and different areas of the body.
It occurs when a hair follicle becomes full with oil or/and dead skin cells. This condition can lead to the formation of:
Acne not only causes stress from the appearance but can also lead to
Cystic Acne. This is the most severe form of Acne and often shows as large, pus-filled lumps within the skin that often lead to scarring. Cystic acne also associates with redness and inflammation, tender to touch and painful.
Acne can be caused from a variety of factors and these include
Hormones can influence and impact on the breakout of Acne in all age’s groups including teens, young adults and women. Hormones can increase
The Key hormones involved with Acne are:
Androgens. Male sex hormone present in both male and female stimulate sebum production
Oestrogen. Female sex hormone that counteracts androgens
Progesterone. Has varying effects on Acne dependent on the person.
There are also the most common hormone acne triggers such as
Puberty. where hormone fluctuations often cause acne in both men and women
Menstruation. where changes in hormone levels can cause acne outbreaks in women of all ages
Pregnancy. Hormone shifts can affect skin conditions such as Acne in younger women
Menopause. decreased levels of oestrogen can contribute to acne in some older women
Polycystic ovary syndrome. Hormonal unbalance can lead to acne
Acne can be treated in a variety of different ways dependent on its severity and the person suffering from it. Best Acne treatments are often a combination of treatments not just one. The secret to acne treatments is to treat it quickly and effectively
Best Fast Acne Treatment 1 – Over the counter medications that are likely to contain benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. These work by killing acne bacterial to reduce the number of bacterial on the skins surface. As well as this they reduce inflammation to calm down the redness and swelling often associated with acne. Lastly, they promote cell turnover to help unclog pores by shedding the dead skin cells. It is important to make sure you have a good skin care routing to deal with active acne and ongoing acne breakouts. To best prevent acne breakouts you could use a basic skincare routine could look like the following
Morning
Cleanser - formulated for acne-prone skin and may contain salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide.
Moisturiser- Oil free, non-comedogenic (pore friendly) to hydrate skin without the clogging of pores.
Sunscreen – SPF 30 or higher to protect against UV rays
Evening
Cleanser - formulated for acne-prone skin and may contain salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide and to remove makeup and any daily grime.
Toner- to help balance PH (should be alcohol free) with hazel or hyaluronic acid.
Acne treatment- A targeted acne product containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids
Moisturiser- Oil free, non-comedogenic (pore friendly) to hydrate skin without the clogging of pores.
It is advised to:
There are also a range of Natural acne treatments and here are some of the most popular
Tea tree oil – Strong actinobacterial properties to help reduce acne causing bacteria
Aloe vera – To help soothe inflammation and heal potential acne scars
Honey – This possesses antibacterial an any inflammatory properties.
Apple cider vinegar – Help balance PH and reduce bacterial
Witch hazel – Helps tighten pores and reduce oiliness
Best Fast Acne Treatment 2 – Prescription medications which are stronger topical or oral medications used to treat moderate to severe acne.
Topical medications include:
Oral Medications include@
Best Fast Acne Treatment 3 – Professional treatments these can be in the form of
Chemical peels. Chemical peels are a type of facial that uses a chemical solution to remove the outer layer of skin. This can improve the appearance of wrinkles, sun damage, and acne scars.
Microdermabrasion. Is a non-invasive procedure that gently exfoliates the top layer of skin. It can be beneficial for acne in several ways:
Exfoliation: Removes dead skin cells, unclogging pores and preventing future breakouts.
All these can help
Reduction of oil: Helps control excess oil production, a common factor in acne.
Improvement of acne scars: Can help to reduce the appearance of shallow acne scars.
Can be an effective option for managing Acne and is even better utilised when combined with other treatments. The process works by targeting the cause of the acne such as excess oil and inflammation. Laser works by:
Laser can be in for form of
Non-Ablative such as Nd:YAG laser which penetrates the skin without removing the outer layer. Used for milder acne to reduce inflammation
Ablative lasers such as erbium Yag which removes the outer skin layer. Used for severe acne and acne scarring.
This is a non-invasive procedure that uses a broad-spectrum of light to target the root causes of acne. Such as:
Excess oil: IPL acts to regulate the production of sebum
Acne bacterial: The light can kill the bacteria
Inflammation: IPL reduced inflammation associated with Acne
IPL Works by delivering pulses of light that penetrate the skin to target
IPL is beneficial as it is effective for mild and moderate acne.
IPL treats multiple skin concerns in addition to acne like pigmentation and redness and has minimal downtime.
Light emitting diode is a gentle and non-invasive treatment for acne using a specific wavelength of light to target the underlying causes of acne.
Blue light - Effective at killing acne-causing bacteria
Red light - Effective at reducing inflammation and promoting healing
Combined - Effective at addressing both causes of acne inflammation.
Benefits of LED therapy for Acne include:
Best Fast Acne Treatment 4 – lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy diet, managing stress and sleep can help with Acne.
Important Note: Avoid squeezing or picking at pimples, as this can lead to scarring.
Acne treatment can also vary depending on the type of skin to be treatment
Acne is very common and most renowned for being a teenage issue. This is down to the hormonal changes in the teenage years. This is generally simple to treat and be treated In the usual ways as discussed like
This can sometimes be a challenge but it is not impossible and generally can be treated with a combination of treatments such as a gentle skincare routing
other treatments include
Azelaic acid – Gentle ingredient to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation
Niacinamide – Calming to reduce redness and improve skin texture
Salicylic acid – low concentration to help unclog pores
Exfoliation – with lactic or mandelic acid to remove dead skin
What is an Acne scar? This is the scar that is left behind on the body or the face after the skin has healed. They are common after Acne and affect roughly 1 in 5 people. The severity of an acne scar is dependent on the individual and the severity of the original Acne condition.
Acne scars are formed as a result of the inflammation caused by Acne. When the Acne is moderate or severe it can not only look un appealing but can also cause damage to the underlying skin tissue. The body’s own healing process with help repair the damaged skin by producing new collagen but sometimes this is not enough and leads to an actual scar.
There are different types of Acne scars which include
Treatments will vary for acne scars and often a combination of treatments will be needed to further help the appearance of the scar. Treatments options include:
The earlier acne is treated the less likely is the risk of scarring and indeed the less severe the scarring will be.
Laser treatment for Acne scars can be done using a variety of different modalities such as
Erbium yag laser which is very popular and is a type of laser resurfacing and can be used for a variety of scar types. It works by delivering short pulses of laser energy which create small channels within the skin. This is called fractional resurfacing and stimulates collagen production and skin renewal. As the skin heals the scars will become less and less apparent.
Best used for ice pick, boxcar and rolling scars erbium yag has minimal downtime and shorter recovery. Erbium yag laser will also help improve overall skin tone and texture.
CO2 laser is also very popular for Acne scar treatment but is more aggressive in treatment and recovery length but can often offer better results. It works by resurfacing the damaged skin layers and stimulating new collagen and skin renewal. It penetrates deeper into the skin making it better of more sever acne scarring. Like erbium yag it also helps improve general skin texture, tone and fine lines and wrinkles.
Nd:YAG laser can also be used for Acne scarring. It is best at treating red and brown acne scars as well as improving skin texture. It works by delivering laser energy to skin which causes heat and in doing so stimulating collagen production. Nd:YAG laser can also target vascular structures such as the blood vessels associated with acne scars. Lastly Nd:YAG laser can help face brown spots and hyperpigmentation associated with acne scars.
Nd:YAG laser can be split into 2 modalities which are:
Nd:YAG laser has minimal downtime compared to CO2 and Erbium lasers and can be used on most skin types and tones.
A scar is a mark or channel on the skin that is the result of a wound or an injury that has healed. The scar that is left after the injury or wound is part of the natural healing process of the body and will generally fade, become less visible or can completely heal over time depending on the severity.
A scar can be caused from a number of different reasons and conditions such as:
A scar can form on any part of the body and will vary dramatically in shape, size and appearance. The type of scar and the cause will often determine how the scar heals and the time it takes.
Scars range in appearance from barely noticeable to raised, red and discoloured. Scars can also leave pitting in the skin as well.
All scars, no matter what the cause, need to be kept clean and highly moisturised to aid the healing process.
Scars can either heal due to the natural healing process of the body or can be treated. There are a number of different treatment options that could be advised for scars such as:
Laser therapy can improve the appearance of scars by removing the surface of skin. It can also be used to stimulate collagen regrowth and help with pigmentation issues.
IPL Can be used to stimulate collagen regrowth and help with pigmentation. It should not be considered a stand-alone solution. IPL targets blood vessels which can help reduce redness associated with scars.
LED therapy is showing promising results as it is non-invasive and works by using light to stimulate skin repair and regeneration. LED light in the red spectrum promotes the production of collagen which is key for skin elasticity and repair. It can also reduce inflammation and accelerated healing.
Surgical scar revision is used to improve the appearance of the scar but is invasive and requires recovery time.
Other treatments for scarring include:
It is also very important when dealing with scars no matter what the treatment you chose to maintain good skin health to promote scar healing, this includes things such as:
A combination of treatments can also generally be the best option for scar revision.
Laser is popular for the treatment of scars and works by either stimulating collagen production or by resurfacing the skin. Lasers stimulate collagen by creating a controlled injury to skin to trigger the body’s natural healing response.
Laser energy is fired at the skin where it is absorbed by the water within the skin, this absorption creates heat which in turn causes microscopic damage to the skin. The body’s response to this is it perceives an injury and initiates healing. As part of the healing the body produces new collagen to repair the damaged tissue.
Laser scar removal pain is dependent on the type of laser used, the sensitivity of skin and the individual. Ablative lasers are more painful than other types of lasers as they removed the top layer of skin.
Ultimately, the benefits of laser scar removal often outweigh any temporary discomfort experienced during the procedure.
The type of laser used determines the depth of penetration and the level of heat generated.
Types of lasers used for scar revision include:
Can improve the appearance of scars including acne scars, surgical scars and burns scars
Can reduce:
The treatments are also very quick and can improve skin texture by stimulating collagen production to help smooth the skins surface
Laser can also
Laser scar revision is dependent upon the types of laser used and the depth of treatment needed.
Less aggressive lasers such as fraction lasers involve less downtime with redness and swelling subsiding within a few days.
More aggressive Co2 lasers require more healing time and can be often several days of redness, peeling and crusting.
Middle of road laser would be such as erbium yag laser.
The recovery period is affected by:
The length of treatment for scar is affected by:
Individually you will generally see improvements after one treatment but significant results can take multiple sessions.
The cost of laser treatment will vary dependent on:
Facial scars generally cheaper to treat due to less sessions and severity
Body scars often take longer to treat and can be larger
Cost of treatments can vary from a few hundred to a few thousand pounds
Laser scar revision is considered a safe treatment when performed by a qualified practitioner with experience. There are small risks associated with laser scar revision such as:
Correct recovery is essential to optimise results and minimise complications.
Immediate after treatment- Mild, fragrance-free cleanser to clean the area followed by a fragrance free moisturiser. Then applying sun protection.
During healing – use specific medications, dressing and skin care as advised and avoid irritants to skin. Remember to drink plenty and protect from the sun.
Long term – Sun protection is key to avoid further scarring and pigmentation issues. Keep hydrated and use gentle skincare avoiding irritants and harsh products.
Laser treatment is sometimes different for different scar types so we will look at specific laser treatments for specific scar types
Keloid scars - Often lasers are used in conjunction with other treatments for optimal results. Lasers reduce blood supply to the vessel that feeds the keloid helping to reduce size and growth. Lasers also break down excess scar tissue to flatten the keloid scar and finally reduce redness and pigmentation associated with a keloid scar.
Laser types used are often pulsed dye and fractional laser and is used in conjunction with corticosteroid injections, pressure therapy, silicone gel sheeting and possible surgical removal.
Keloid scars are very difficult to treat and often cannot be completely removed.
C-section scars – Laser is an effective way to improve the appearance of C-section scars. The laser will stimulate collagen production which helps to rebuild the skin. This leads to improvements with respect to:
As with other scars different types of lasers can be used including fractional, co2 and erbium lasers.
Remember to consider as with most scars results will vary depending on the age of the scar, skin type and scar severity. Multiple sessions will generally be needed.
Stretch marks – These are also a type of scar and occur when the skin stretchers. This causes underlying collagen and elastic fibres to tear. When the skin heals the results are indented lines which we call stretch marks and like other types of scars can fade over time but are unlikely to disappear on their own.
Stretch marks are very similar to keloid scars with laser treatments can lead to improvements with:
These are best treated with fractional lasers and pulsed dye lasers.
Atrophic scars – These are scars formed when the skin does not produce enough collagen during the healing process and the appearance is sunken and pitted.
Atrophic scars are caused from conditions like:
The different types of atrophic scars are
Ice pick- small, narrow and deep
Boxcar- Round or oval with sharp edges
Rolling scars – wavy and uneven
Again laser treatment is possible and very effective at treating atrophic scars and works by stimulating collagen and resurfacing the skin.
Most popular lasers used are:
Fractional Co2 – Considered the gold standard. It creates microscopic holes in the skin, triggering collagen production and skin renewal.
Fractional erbium:YAG – less aggressive but still effective for milder scars
Pulsed Dye lasers- used to treat the redness associated with the atrophic scars
Acne scars as mentioned are a type of atrophic scar and these can still be treated on dark skin but the best laser treatment requires careful consideration and a skilled laser technician.
Laser treatment can be effective for scar reduction in individuals with dark skin, but it requires careful consideration and a skilled practitioner. There is a high risk of hyperpigmentation on dark skin which are dark spots and certain types of lasers are better and the settings are very important and need to be kept as low as possible.
Fractional non-ablative lasers – Penetrate the skin without removing the outer layer so reducing the risk of hyperpigmentation. They stimulate collagen to improve the appearance of scars in dark skin.
Picosecond laser – These breakdown the pigment of the scar and can also help with the skin tone and texture
The word pigment means colouring. Pigmentation of the skin affects the colour of the skin. Our skin gets its colour from a pigment called melanin which is produced from special cells within the skin called Melanocytes. When these cells become damaged or unhealthy it can affect the production of melanin. This can either be perceived in patches or across the whole body.
When the body produces too much melanin then the skin will become darker. This is referred to as hyperpigmentation and can lead to conditions such as:
When you body does not produce enough melanin then the skin becomes lighter and is referred to as hypopigmentation can lead to conditions such as:
Factors that affect pigmentation can be things such as:
The complete loss of pigment is known as depigmentation and causes the condition albinism.
Pigmentation is commonly found on the face but can often be associated with the hands as well for which treatment is a common consideration.
The choice on the type of treatment for pigmentation should be discussed with a professional and should also depend on both the cause of the pigmentation and the type of pigmentation.
Some of the most recognised treatments for pigmentation are:
These can be such things as:
2. Chemical Peels
Chemical peels for pigmentation can be characterised into depth of treatment superficial, medium depth and deeper peels.
Superficial peels will use mild acidic substances to exfoliate the top layer of the skin to remove pigmentation and improve the appearance.
Medium depth peels use a stronger form of acid to penetrate deeper into the skin to address more severe cases of pigmentation.
Deep peels use the strongest acid to remove multiple layers of skin to reduce severe pigmentation and dramatically improve the appearance
Microneedling has become increasingly popular for the treatment of pigmentation. With the treatment stimulating collagen production and reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation.
This is a popular and effective treatment for pigmentation issues. It works by using light at a specific wavelength to stimulate skin cells and reduce the appearance of pigmentation and darker spots.
Red light penetrates deep into the skin, this promotes collagen production and improves the circulation. This will help repair the damaged skin cells and reduce the appearance of the pigments.
Green light targets the melanocytes and by regulating the production of melanin green light therapy can prevent and reduce hyperpigmentation;.
Blue light helps reduce inflation which can make pigmentation worse.
Led therapy is:
IPL or intense pulsed light is a very popular treatment for pigmentation and is non-invasive. It works by using a broad spectrum of light to target specific chromophores or in this case pigmentation in the skin.
IPl can be effective for the treatment of:
IPl Works by using a IPL device to send a broad spectrum of light which is absorbed by the pigmented areas of the skin. The light energy is converted to heat which destroys the pigmented cells. Over time the damaged cells are exfoliated naturally to leave a clearer less damaged skin.
IPL for pigmentation is:
Laser is an effective and very popular method for reducing and dealing with the issue of pigmentation.
It works by targeting the pigmentation on the skin which absorbs the light energy whilst not affecting the surrounding tissue.
The light energy heats up the pigment and shatters it. The pigment is then either removed by exfoliation as it is drawn to the surface or by the body's own natural healing process.
The benefits of laser treatment for pigmentation are:
The consultation process for laser pigmentation treatment would be something similar to this
Initial Consultation:
This will include taking of your medical history and then an assessment of skin to look at the severity and type of pigmentation you are looking at laser treatment for to see if you are a suitable candidate. This will also include determining realistic outcomes and expectations.
Treatment plan:
The clinic where the treatment will take place will recommend the most appropriate treatment and in the case of laser treatment the most appropriate laser to deal with the particular type of pigmentation.
They should be able to give an idea on the number of treatments, timeline of treatment and costs associated with the treatment plan.
Pre-treatment instructions:
This is basically common sense but will be told to avoid exposure to sun and certain skincare products prior to treatment and any medications that may affect the treatment.
Consent:
This will be an explanation of the risks and benefits of the treatment and a signature to say you understand.
Post-treatment:
This will be instructions of how-to care for the skin post treatment and any follow ups for further treatments and to monitor the outcomes. This is crucial to optimise results and limit the risk of complications.
Immediate aftercare generally consists of
Long term care
It's important to ask any questions you have during the consultation process to ensure you fully understand the treatment and make an informed decision.
Different lasers have different recovery times and the more severe the pigmentation the longer the healing time maybe. Also skin reacts differently for individuals so this will also affect recovery time.
A general expectation is
After treatment - Skin maybe red, swollen and crusty
First week – Redness and swelling should stop
Second week – Healing continues and any crusts should flake off
Full recovery can take 4-6 weeks
The number of treatments required for laser pigmentation will depend upon
Most people will require 2-4 treatments which are spaced 4-6 weeks apart.
This will depend upon
It is very difficult to put an actual price of the treatment but can range from a few hundred to a few thousand.
Different lasers can be used for pigmentation treatment and these include:
Q switch laser
These are a popular and effective choice for treating pigmentation. The laser delivers a high-energy pulse of light that shatters the pigment allowing it to be exfoliated naturally.
The key benefits of Q switch lasers are:
Nd:YAG Q switch lasers can be used for darker skin tones and deep-seated pigments
Alexandrite Q switch laser can be used for lighter tones and superficial pigmentation
Ruby laser Q switch was among the first developed but is now used less commonly that Nd:YAG and Alexandrite Q switch laser. Though Ruby lasers are very good at dealing with dark skin pigmentation.
Fractional Erbium and Co2 laser for pigmentation
Fractional lasers are another very effective group of lasers used for pigmentation and these can either be erbium YAG or Co2 laser. They deliver a microscopic beam of light to the skin. The beams create tiny holes in the skin that stimulate collagen production and thus skin renewal. The fractional laser can also be used in an ablative way to actually remove layers of skin and such layers of pigment.
A fractional laser works in 3 ways to help deal with pigmentation
Alexandrite laser for pigmentation
Alexandrite laser are in common use for the treatment of pigmentation issues and are very effective for brown pigments such as:
This is because they emit a wavelength 755nm that is absorbed by melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour.
Alexandrite laser are:
Picosecond laser for pigmentation
Picosecond lasers are a newer form of technology for the treatment of pigmentation especially in the UK. The picosecond laser delivers ultra-short pulses of energy measured in trillionths of a second. This effectively breaks down the pigmented cells.
The benefits of picosecond lasers are:
Laser treatment for sun spots - which are dark, flat patches on the skin caused by excessive sun exposure over time -
Laser treatment for Melasma - is a common skin condition characterised by dark patches on the face, often caused by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or certain medications
Laser treatment for freckles - These small, flat, brown spots are caused by excessive sun exposure.
Laser treatment for age spots - These flat, brown spots are caused by sun damage and typically appear as you get older.
Laser destroys the pigmented cells that cause all these conditions.
The laser is targeted to the pigment and the energy from the laser causes the pigmented cells to break down and then be exfoliated naturally. This process also stimulates collagen product to leave the skin more toned
Types of Lasers mainly used for these treatments are:
The benefits of these laser treatments are:
It is important to look after the skin after these treatments with
Let's look at some direct comparisons against laser treatment with some of the other treatments for pigmentation
Both laser and chemical peels are effective for the treatment of pigmentation. They have different mechanisms of action and suitability for different skin types and different pigmentation.
Benefits of laser are:
Benefits of chemical peels are:
Drawbacks for laser treatment:
Drawbacks for chemical peels:
Both laser and Microneedling are effective for the treatment of pigmentation. They have different mechanisms of action and suitability for different skin types and different pigmentation.
Benefits of laser are:
Benefits of Microneedling:
Drawbacks for laser treatment:
Drawbacks for Microneedling:
Both laser and Topical creams are effective for the treatment of pigmentation. They have different mechanisms of action and suitability for different skin types and different pigmentation.
Benefits of laser are:
Benefits of Topical creams:
Drawbacks for laser treatment:
Drawbacks for Topical creams:
A wrinkle is an imperfection of an otherwise smooth surface. This can be in the form of a
When we consider the human body, a wrinkle is generally referred to as a line or crease formed mainly on the face as a result of numerous factors which include
Ageing - As we age our skin becomes thinner and drier with less elastic properties. It is this loss of elasticity that can lead to wrinkles
Sun exposure - UV rays damage collagen and elastic within the skin. These are the proteins that give our skin its structure and elasticity so there depletion over time can lead to wrinkles
Smoking - This accelerates the ageing process by reducing the amount of blood flowing to the skin and damaging the collagen and elastin
Genetics - Some people are more genetically prone to developing wrinkles
Environmental factors – this is where external factors can affect our skin such as:
Wrinkles can be apparent in all age groups, men and women as well as all skin types. That said women are more susceptible to wrinkles then men for a number of reasons
Men can also develop wrinkles, especially if they have a family history of premature ageing or engage in unhealthy lifestyle habits. The treatment is becoming increasingly popular for men as it is for women to maintain a youthful appearance. The treatment for men and women is exactly the same. The most popular age group for wrinkles treatment is women over 50.
Wrinkles can be prevented to an extent and there are numerous treatment options in order to prevent wrinkles or to delay the appearance of them.
It is basically a common-sense approach that is needed for natural wrinkle protection and this can be the form of Dietary Adjustments. Some foods are antioxidant rich which can help with your wrinkle’s prevention strategy such as:
Some foods are rich in Omega-3 fatty acids which can help with your wrinkle’s strategy such as:
Hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated.
Some are naturally occurring solutions that can be used on the skin such as:
These are things that can be altered immediately to help prevent and delay wrinkles such as:
These are things that can be done at home such as:
Facial steaming- by steaming the face it opens up pores to help remove impurities in the skin that can help cause wrinkles
Facial mask – A homemade combination of ingredients with antioxidant properties and moisturising properties
These are products that can be bought and used as a daily skin care routine to help prevent and delay wrinkles.
The best wrinkle cream is often personal preference but several ingredients are commonly found in the most effective wrinkles creams such as:
These treatments are done in a clinic to help prevent and control wrinkles and can consist of things such as
Examples of Botox for wrinkle protection would be:
Dysport: This is similar to Botox and uses botulinum toxin type A to relax facial muscles and reduce wrinkles.
Xeomin: Botulinum toxin type A for treating frown lines and wrinkles
Jeuveau: A newer Botulinum toxin type A specifically designed to deal with dynamic wrinkles.
Examples of Fillers for wrinkles protection would be:
Hyaluronic acid fillers - These fillers add volume to the skin, helping to fill in wrinkles and lines such as:
Each of these have specific properties for the treatment of wrinkles
Calcium hydroxyapatite Fillers - This filler is used to stimulate collagen production and improve skin texture such as:
Each of these have specific properties for the treatment of wrinkles.
Alternative treatments to botox for the reduction in appearance of wrinkles are as follows:
Chemical peels - Medium and strong peels can be sued to exfoliate the skin to improve the appearance of the skin and help the appearance of wrinkles
LED treatments – This is a non-invasive method if using different wavelengths of light to have a specific effect on the skin
IPL – IPL or intense pulsed light can help with the appearance of wrinkles and promote skin rejuvenation. It works by emitting a broad-spectrum of light. The pigments of the skin absorb the light energy and this heats stimulates collagen production which helps skin elasticity and reduce wrinkle appearance.
Microneedling – This is minimally invasive involving puncturing the skin with tiny needles which create microscopic injuries to the skin. This process stimulates collagen and elastic production in response to these injuries. This in turn improves skin texture and reduces wrinkles appearance
This has become a very common procedure to help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and in turn promote skin rejuvenation.
There are different types of lasers that can be used for wrinkle treatment such as
Nd:YAG (Neodymium-YAG) 1064nm laser is a type of laser commonly used for skin rejuvenation and wrinkle reduction. It emits a wavelength of light 1064nm that can penetrate deeper into the skin and heats the collagen fibres in the dermis. This heating causes the collagen fibres to contract and tighten. The damage caused by the laser also stimulates the body to product new collagen which improves the skin texture and reduces the appearance of wrinkles.
Benefits of Nd:YAG laser are:
Negative factors to consider:
Erbium YAG 2940nm is effective for wrinkle treatments and is known for its precision.
The laser removes the outer layer of the skin, this in turn stimulates collagen production and elastic production which can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles
Benefits of Erbium YAG:
Negative factors to consider:
CO2 is the most powerful type of laser for resurfacing and the most aggressive. IT can be used for all types of wrinkles including deep seated wrinkles. The laser removes the outer layers of the skin creating a controlled injury. The depth of this can be controlled by the laser. In response to the injury Collagen and elastin are produced which in turn helps deal with the appearance of wrinkles and improve skin texture and health.
Benefits of CO2 laser:
Negative factors to consider:
Fractional laser is a generic term and can be either CO2 or Erbium but both work in the same way. The fractional laser delivers controlled microbeams (Rather than one beam) of energy directly to the skin. This creates microscopic columns of treated tissue surrounded by unaffected skin. This in turn stimulates a healing response which consists of production of new collagen and elastin which helps reduce the signs of wrinkles.
Benefits of Fractional laser:
Negative factors to consider:
Q switch lasers are not normally used specificity for the treatment of wrinkles but often used for the treatment of pigmentation and other skin conditions.
Q switch works by delivering high-intensity pulses of energy to the target tissue. The pigment is damaged and reduced as well as a stimulation of collagen production and elastin to improve wrinkles. Q switch lasers are known for improving skin tone and giving a more youthful appearance.
Again, a pulsed dye laser is not normally specifically used for treating wrinkles and is used for treating vascular conditions such as rosacea. The treatment of this leads to a more youthful appearance of the skin and reduced appearance of wrinkles.
A pulsed dye laser targets blood vessels and causes them to shrink. This leads to the vessels becoming less visible and laser energy can increase collagen and elastin production.
Surgery can offer more dramatic long term results but have greater risk and greater downtime.
The most common surgical options for wrinkles are:
Facelift – A procedure that lifts a and tightens the skin on the face
Brow lift – A surgical procedure to raise eyebrows and treat forehead wrinkles
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid surgery) - To address sagging of the eyelids, bags and crow’s feet
Rhinoplasty (nose surgery) - To reshape the nose and improve wrinkles between the nose and upper lip
Neck lift – To tighten skin and muscles in the neck area to reduce the appearance of wrinkles
It is worth noting wrinkle treatment can be done on ages, gender and skin types. The one thing to be considerate over is that laser treatments and chemical peels can sometimes lead to hypopigmentation in darker skin types. It is important to have a consultation with a fully qualified professional before any treatment is performed.
Wrinkle treatment is a safe treatment and can be given in most circumstance including pregnancy with the cost wrinkle treatment varying on the type of treatment from cost affordable wrinkles treatments to very expensive wrinkle treatments such as
A vascular lesion is a very broad subject and can refer to a lot of conditions. It is basically described as an abnormal growth or the change in a blood vessel.
Vascular lesions can be benign and also malignant.
Because of the definition of a vascular lesions there are lots of different types of vascular lesions such as:
Vascular lesions regardless of what they are called cause a variety of symptoms such as:
There are a variety of causes of vascular lesions, including:
Age. As we get old the blood vessels will become less elastic in nature. This can lead to the formation of small, benign vascular lesions such as a cherry angioma.
Increased Sun exposure. This can lead to damage to the skin and blood vessels and causes vascular lesions such as thread veins and port-wine stains.
Hormones. A fluctuation in hormones due to age or things like pregnancy can all cause the development of vascular lesions.
Genetics. Some forms of vascular lesions are inherited such as hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). A genetic disorder that causes the formation of abnormal blood vessels throughout the body.
Medical. Certain conditions like liver disease can also cause vascular lesions
The treatment for a vascular lesion depends upon its:
There are of course types of vascular lesions that are easier to treat with conventional methods such as over the counter creams and laser treatments.
These types of vascular lesions are such as Benign vascular lesions and are such as.
examples of which are
Vascular lesions treatment/removal can be split into two sections non-surgical treatments and surgical treatments
For example, to treat varicose eczema a combination of emollients (Moisturiser) and topical corticosteroids can be a great combination.
For example, treating Rosacea with topical Azelaic acid can reduce redness and inflammation alongside topical niacinamide.
For example treatment of other vascular lesions will include things like Topical beta-blockers.
Note: The best treatment for a vascular lesion will vary depending on the individual case. It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss your specific situation and determine the most appropriate treatment options.
The level of risk is determined by the type of vascular lesion, the treatment and the individual. Some general risk factors are such as
There are several benefits to treating vascular lesions such as:
The cost of the treatment will vary and depends on
Vascular lesions treatment will range from a few hundred pounds to several thousands.
As discussed, there are several procedures for removing a vascular lesion each with its plus side and each with its negative side.
Light based treatments such as laser and IPL are very common and one of the most popular.
Both laser and IPL treatment use:
Considerations with treatments with laser and IPL
Results: The results of vascular lesion removal can be very satisfying, with significant improvement in the appearance of the skin. However, it's important to have realistic expectations and understand that multiple treatment sessions may be necessary for optimal results.
The most common types of lasers used for the treatment of vascular lesions are
Haemangiomas (Birthmarks)
Common birthmarks that typically appear as red or purple, raised bumps on the skin. Most are harmless and will shrink and disappear over time.
Options for treatments include:
Laser is an effective option especially if the marking is superficial. The laser will target the blood vessels that form the haemangioma and the energy causes the blood vessels to heat up, coagulate the blood and destroy the blood vessels. This reduces supply of blood causes the haemangioma to shrink over time and fade.
The types of lasers used for this are
Venous lake removal
Venous lakes are harmless but can be unsightly. Treatments can be such as:
Laser is an effective option and the most common. The laser will target the blood vessels that form the venous lake and the energy causes the blood vessels to heat up, coagulate the blood and destroy the blood vessels. This reduced supply of blood causes the venous lake to shrink over time and fade.
The types of lasers used for this are
Spider Angioma
Spider angiomas typically don't require treatment because they often go away on their own. Treatment options if required include.
Laser is an effective and most common treatment. The laser will target the blood vessels that form the spider angioma and the energy causes the blood vessels to heat up, coagulate the blood and destroy the blood vessels. This reduced supply of blood causes the spider angioma to shrink over time and fade.
The types of lasers used for this are mostly
Cherry Angioma
Cherry angiomas are benign, harmless bright red, raised bumps that typically don't require treatment. You can however opt for treatment to reduce the appearance or if they are frequently bleeding. Treatment options include.
Laser is an effective and most common for removing cherry angioma. The laser will target the blood vessels that form the cherry angioma and the energy causes the blood vessels to heat up, coagulate the blood and destroy the blood vessels. This reduced supply of blood causes the cherry angioma to shrink over time and fade.
The types of lasers used for this are mostly
Vascular malformation
Treatment for vascular malformation will depend upon its
Some vascular malformations require treatment, some may benefit from a combination therapy approach.
Popular treatment options include
Lasers can be used to target the blood vessels in the malformation, causing them to coagulate and disappear. This is often used for superficial vascular malformations. Lasers emit specific wavelengths of light that are absorbed by the haemoglobin in the blood vessels that make up the malformation. The absorbed light energy causes the blood vessels to heat up and coagulate, effectively destroying them. With the blood supply reduced, the malformation shrinks and fades over time.
Types of Lasers Used
Skin tightening is a treatment that is aimed at improving the skin's elasticity making it firmer. As we grow older skin can begin to sag and loosen due to a variety of reasons such as:
Skin tightening can also come under general skin rejuvenation. Treatments for skin tightening work by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin. Both of these proteins are responsible for the skin's structure and elasticity..
Skin tightening can be done in a beauty salon/aesthetic practice and can be done at home using skin tightening routines and devices.
Skin tightening treatments offer benefits both physically and psychologically and can include:
Obviously, a professional treatment will offer longer lasting and often more dramatic results for skin tightening but obviously these are generally more expensive than at home solutions.
At home solutions will concentrate on:
Facial exercises or facial yoga can help to tone muscles under the skin which may in turn lead to a more lifted and defined appearance.
Exercises should be done for a few seconds and then relaxed and include things such as:
Each exercise should be done in repetitions and a few times a week.
Certain naturally occurring ingredients contain skin tightening properties such as
These could be worked into your daily routine by diet, serums, massaging products or facial masks.
Masks and scrubs can be bought from many different places but you can also make your own. A good example of this would be to:
These are other methods that are easy to do at home and bring into your daily routine such as:
These are simple everyday things that are crucial for skin health and includes things such as:
Skin tightening creams can be a helpful addition to your skincare routine These are best used to address mild skin laxity and looseness and prevent further deterioration.
Some of the key ingredients for skin tightening are:
Home devices for skin tightening are convenient and relatively cheap to purchase so have gained in popularity. The devices stimulate collagen and improve circulation.
Some of the most popular types are:
These use electromagnetic energy to heat the skin layers to simulate collagen production and are commonly used on the face and neck at home.
These emit light at a specific wavelength to stimulate collagen production and improve skin tone. The most popular is right light therapy (635nm) for skin rejuvenation and skin tightening. Infrared is also used for skin tightening as an LED treatment.
These devices deliver low-level electric currents which stimulate facial muscles helping to improve muscle tone and treat sagging skin. They can also help with lymphatic draining which helps promote healthy looking skin and left puffy.
These devices emit sound waves that penetrate the skin to stimulate collagen and improve elasticity of the skin. They can also be used on the body.
These devices creates tiny punctions in the skin which stimulates collagen and elastic (repair function) to improve skin texture and treat wrinkles and scarring.
It is important to consider the right devices for your skin condition and skin type and make sure the devices are safe to use and easy to use in the home environment. Comparing genuine reviews is always a must for home use devices to measure and the cost to purchase the device.
Skin tightening is very popular in salon treatment. Skin tightening can be split in Non-surgical and surgical techniques.
Non- surgical is most common and uses a variety of technologies to achieve tightening of the skin in both the face and body.
The aim of non-surgical skin tightening is to achieve smoother, firmer skin without the need for surgery.
The theory of the treatments is exactly the same as discussed to stimulate collagen and elastic, the proteins responsible for skin structure and elasticity. Salon devices and techniques offer a stronger, more long-lasting approach where machines can cost tens of thousands of pounds to purchase.
It is worth noting skin tightening treatments are safe for all skin types and skin tones. The exception would be light based treatments like IPL on darker skin types.
Technologies include:
These emit light at a specific wavelength to stimulate collagen production and improve skin tone. The most popular is right light therapy (635nm) for skin rejuvenation and skin tightening. Infrared is also used for skin tightening as an LED treatment.
These use electromagnetic energy to heat the skin layers to simulate collagen production and are commonly used on face and neck and body.
These devices deliver low-level electric currents which stimulate facial muscles helping to improve muscle tone and treat sagging skin. They can also help with lymphatic draining which helps promote healthy looking skin and left puffy.
These devices emit sound waves that penetrate the skin to stimulate collagen and improve elasticity of the skin. They can also be used on the body for conditions such as cellulite.
These devices create tiny punctions in the skin which stimulate collagen and elastic (repair function) to improve skin texture and treat wrinkles and scarring.
IPL is very versatile and a mainstay for many aesthetic businesses. IPL’s primary role is not for skin tightening but more for a youthful and firm appearance by stimulating collagen and improving skin texture. The IPL device emits spectrums of light that penetrate the skin and the energy is absorbed by the skin's pigments of chromophore. This causes a controlled injury that stimulates the body's natural healing process which includes collagen and elastic production.
Lasers are increasingly popular for the purpose of skin tightening and are used to trigger collagen production. By stimulating collagen this promotes skin rejuvenation and can help address skin laxity or looseness on all areas of the body.
Laser skin tightening is a popular non-surgical cosmetic procedure that utilizes advanced laser technology to improve skin firmness, elasticity, and overall appearance. By stimulating collagen production and promoting skin rejuvenation, lasers can effectively address skin laxity concerns on various areas of the body.
The lasers emit laser light energy that penetrates the skin layers and help target the dermis where collagen and elastic are produced.
Lasers heat the collagen fibres causing them to contract and tighten and the body's natural healing process promotes new collagen and elastic production.
The types of lasers used for skin tightening are:
These lasers heat the skin without damaging the surface layer. This makes them best used for mild to moderate skin laxity. They typically require multiple treatment sessions to achieve optimal results.
These lasers remove the outer layer of skin. This promotes a dramatic skin tightening and rejuvenation. They may require fewer treatment sessions but may involve some downtime for healing.
Use different laser wavelengths but in a fractional mode. Instead of treating the entire surface area at once, a fractional laser delivers energy in a pattern of tiny dots or columns, leaving the surrounding tissue untouched. This approach minimizes downtime and discomfort while still providing effective skin tightening results.
The benefits of laser skin tightening treatments are:
Skin issues affect all ages and both and sexes and skin tightening is the same though they can be slight variations.
Relating to Age
Younger adults' skin laxity is generally minimal unless of factors like medical conditions, weight loss or surgery. Generally it is prevention.
Middle aged adults generally will start to see a sagging of the skin and less volume. The reproduction of collagen and elastin declines which also leads to less firmer skin and fine lines and wrinkles.
Older adults are where skin laxity is more prevalent and pronounced. Deeper wrinkles are more visible.
Relating to sex
Men generally have thicker skin with more collagen and elastic which generally delays the appearance of ageing. However, when skin laxity becomes a problem, it is often more noticeable due to the thicker skin structure.
Women’s skin is thinner and generally shows signs of skin laxity earlier. Other things like hormones and menopause can also affect the production of elastic and collagen.
Relating to area
Face - Both men and women will generally experience facial ageing but patterns do differ with men deeper wrinkles and women more volume loss and sagging.
Neck and Body - Skin laxity and in such skin tightening treatments is common in both sexes as they age. Women due to hormonal fluctuations and men due to weight or muscle fluctuations.
By understanding the specific ways age and sex can influence skin laxity, individuals can make informed decisions about skin tightening options and take proactive steps to maintain a youthful and healthy appearance.
Women during pregnancy can suffer from significant changes to skin from hormones and weight fluctuations. Skin tightening is not something to be concerned about at this time but safe treatments can be used to try and help maintain a healthy skin such as:
Most professional salon treatments are not recommended during pregnancy but non-invasive treatments could be used such as LED.
The cost of skin tightening treatments can vary significantly depending on several factors, including:
Generally you would expect to pay
RF treatments £100-£500 per session
Ultrasound treatments £250-£750 per session
Laser treatments £200-£1000 per session
IPL treatments £100-£300 per session
Microneedling £100-£400 per session
LED treatments £50-£250 per session
Surgical treatments for skin tightening offer the best most dramatic results. They are generally popular for severe cases. The procedure involves removing excess skin and tightening the underlying tissue to create a smoother, more contoured look.
Most popular treatments are
Surgeries often involve significant downtime for recovery but are typically long lasting.
Body contouring is a generalised term relating to shaping or reshaping of the body as well as improving appearance. This generalised term is also known as body sculpting. Body contouring can be achieved by both surgical procedures and non-surgical procedures. Each body contouring treatment is designed to someway improve or enhance the body.
A body contouring treatment can relate to:
When determining who is a good candidate for body contouring it is important to consider both surgical and non-surgical options but generally a candidate should have:
A surgical treatment for body contouring generally is in relation to removal of either excess skin or remove excess fat through small incisions around the problem area.
Some of the most common examples of surgical body contouring treatments are
1. Tummy tuck
Also known as an abdominoplasty, is a surgical procedure designed to reshape and tighten the abdomen. It is often the go to procedure for people that have significant changes in the abdomen such as post pregnancy (where abdominal muscles and skin can stretch and not respond to diet and or exercise and significant weight loss. Tummy tucks can be either a full or mini where full addresses the entire abdomen and mini focuses below the belly button.
2. Liposuction
Is a popular cosmetic procedure designed to remove excess fat deposits from specific areas of the body. It uses a suction technique to remove fat from areas such as abdomen, buttocks, arms etc. Liposuctions are not designed as a weight loss solution but to contour the body by removing local fat deposits. The procedure involves small incisions around the area to be treated and a cannula is inserted to loosen and such out the excess fat. There are more than one liposuction techniques and these included
Tumescent liposuction: The most common technique, involving injecting a solution to reduce bleeding and pain.
Ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL): Uses ultrasound energy to liquefy fat. An example of this would be VASER (Vibration Amplification of Sound Energy at Resonance). This is the most well-known name associated with ultrasound-assisted liposuction. VASER is a specific technology that utilizes ultrasound to emulsify fat before removal
Laser-assisted liposuction (LAL): Uses laser energy to melt fat.
When discussing laser-assisted liposuction, it's important to recognize that several technologies and brand names exist such as:
These are non-thermal lasers used for body contouring and fat reduction and non-invasive.
Power-assisted liposuction (PAL): uses a cannula that vibrates to help break up the fat.
3. Breast lifts
Breast lift and breast augmentation are two separate procedures.
Breast lift is to raise a sagging breast and improve shape. The procedure removes excess skin and tightening surrounding skin to create an uplifted breast. It can also be used to reposition nipples and alter areola size.
Breast augmentation is used to increase breast size and fullness and involves either silicone implants or fat transfer. It can also be used for breast asymmetry and sagging breast.
It's common for women to have a breast lift and breast augmentation performed simultaneously to address both sagging and volume loss.
4. Breast reductions
5. Arm lifts
6. Thigh lifts
7. Body lifts
8. Liposculpture
Liposculpture is a surgical procedure to both remove fat and contour the body. It is similar to liposuction but is more controlled and detailed creating a more aesthetically pleasing profile. Finer cannulas are used to achieve a more precise result. It targets stubborn fat that is difficult to remove with diet and exercise. In some cases fat can be removed and then transferred to other areas of the body to enhance, shape and contour. The common areas are such as
9. Buttock lifts
Buttock augmentation is a cosmetic procedure designed to enhance the size and shape of the buttocks. You can either use silicone implants which are placed within the buttock muscle to add volume or fat transfer. Fat is removed from other areas of the body (abdomen, thighs, etc.) via liposuction, then purified and injected into the buttocks.
Silicone implants create a measured increase in volume and significant shape but can be associated with more risk and a less natural feel. They may also need replacing in the future and will cause a scar.
Fat transfer creates a more natural look and feel and also helps contour where the fat has been removed from so potentially treating 2 problem areas at the same time. There is of course risk as results vary depending on amount of fat and the risk of liposuction and fat injection.
10. Calf enhancements
11. Buttock enhancements
Other areas are abdomen, neck and chin and love handles.
The benefits of surgical body contouring can relate not only to physical benefits but also to psychological and emotional benefits.
Physical benefits include:
Psychological and Emotional Benefits include:
Compared to non-surgical body contouring surgical body contouring also offers long lasting results
Before starting with any surgical body contouring procedure these things should be considered
Be aware of lifestyle changes to maintain your body as well as the emotional aspects of surgery.
A non-surgical body contouring treatment generally relates to fat reduction or skin tightening but without the need of surgery or incisions.
Some of the most common non-surgical body contouring treatments are
Body contouring procedures often differ between men and women. This due to difference in
Both men and women desire body contouring treatments after the age of 50. Though generally this is more common in women.
Non-surgical options include
The cost of body contouring will differ greater for a number of reasons
Surgical procedures
A surgical procedure like a liposuction would start around £3000 and increase with areas
A tummy tuck is an extensive procedure and would generally cost £5000-£100000
A body lift is the most extensive procedure and the most expensive costing upwards of £12000
Non-Surgical procedures
A treatment like cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting) would cost between £300 and £1000 per session and depends on the area treated and expected outcome to dictate the number of sessions
Radiofrequency would cost between £350 and £500 per session and the area treated depends on the area treated and expected outcome to dictate the number of sessions
Recovery time varies from the procedure and whether it is surgical or non-surgical.
A surgical body contouring treatment
Would be split in the initial recovery period in the first few weeks and the continued healing and recovery.
The initial recovery would generally involve significant bruising and soreness as well as discomfort managed by pain medication. Compression garments are also used to reduce the swelling and aid healing. Activities would be kept to a minimum and drains may need to be used to remove excess fluid.
Continued healing would be weeks to months where swelling and bruising ease and scars begin to heal with a gradual return to normal activity.
Recovery does depend on the extent of the surgery and the individual.
A non-surgical body contouring recovery
These have little or no downtimes with an immediate return to normal activities or at most a couple of days. Some mild soreness or swelling is possible but subsides very quickly.
The key here is to be realistic. Some methods may offer improvement but are not going to be dramatic improvements.
At home devices could be things like
Lifestyle changes can also play an important role such as:
It is important to remember a few key facts for body contouring
There is no one size fits all approach to body contouring but should be a treatment plan for the individual focusing on goals, anatomy and costs.
Sun damage or photoaging as it is sometimes referred to is the damage caused to the skin from the exposure to ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
The sun emits ultraviolet radiation and this includes both UVA and UVB rays
UVA rays have a long wavelength which allows them to penetrate deep into the skin dermis (middle layer) . They are so powerful that they can even penetrate glass.
UVB rays have a shorter wavelength so they primarily affect the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis. They are also the main cause of sunburn
These UVA and UVB rays damage the cellular DNA of skin with immediate effects of
and long-term damage of
Everyone is at risk of sun damage but generally speaking the lighter the skin the more susceptible to sun damage you are. Other factors that affect risk are:
As many of us will already know prevention of sun damage is much better than treating the effects so it is recommended to always protect the skin from sun exposure by:
If you have got sun damage then there are a few ways in what you can treat and repair sun damage such as
It is important to note that there are both benefits and problems associated with Sun exposure.
Benefits of sun exposure include:
Negative effects of sun exposure:
There are 2 main types of topical treatments for sun damage, retinoids and antioxidants.
Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that help reduce fine lines, wrinkles and age spots by the increase of cell turnover and the increase in production of collagen. They are available as a prescription in forms like Tretinoin but also weaker forms like Retinol, Retinal can be bought over the counter.
Antioxidants are vitamins like Vitamin C and E which help neutralise free radicals caused by sun exposure. It is these free radicals which contribute to aging. Many of the antioxidants can be found in serums and creams and as part of daily skin.
Also skin lightening agents such containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, or glycolic acid can help fade age spots and hyperpigmentation.
All of these topical treatments can be used as part of your daily skin care regime.
It is important to also remember lifestyle factors in your daily sun care regime which includes a healthy diet trying to get as many vitamins and minerals to support the skin. As well as getting the right amounts of sleep to allow the skin to repair itself.
People may also use DIY masks as part of the skin care regime for repair of sun damage
DIY face masks can be both soothing and helpful for addressing sun damage examples of which could be
Aloe vera and cucumber
A great mask for soothing sunburn and reducing inflammation as well as providing hydration and a cooling effect
Yoghurt and honey
Yoghurt has within it lactic acid which can exfoliate and brightening skin whereas honey is a natural humectant so draws moisture to skin
Oatmeal and Milk
Oatmeal is soothing and has anti-inflammatory properties and milk helps with hydration and skin tone.
Papaya and Lemon
Papaya contains enzymes to exfoliate and brighten skin whereas lemon juice is high in vitamin C to help fade dark spots.
It is important like any home use that treatments are both safe and effective for sun damage repair.
Some of the most popular professional treatments for sun damage repair are
Chemical peels – These treatments remove the outer layer of the skin. This reveals a smoother more even-tone skin underneath. Chemical peels can also be used at home as part of your own skin care regime. Professional Chemical peels are a lot stronger than home use ones.
Microdermabrasion – This involves exfoliation for the skin by removing the top later of dead skin cells using a machine.
IPL (intense pulsed light) - IPL therapy can also target pigmentation issues and broken blood vessels.
Cryotherapy – This uses liquid nitrogen to remove skin growths
Microneedling – This treatment uses small needles in the face with a RF current which helps stimulate collagen and reduces fine lines and wrinkles.
Laser – Laser can treat various conditions associated with sun dames such as:
There are also different types of laser that can be used for safe Sun damage repair treatment. Different types of laser are used as each has its own benefits.
Key characteristics
Downsides
Key characteristics
Downsides
Key characteristics
Downsides
Key characteristics
Downsides
Key characteristics
Downsides
Key characteristics
Downsides
What are the natural remedies for sun damage?
1. The thing to keep in mind is these methods are unproven. They are unlikely to reverse sun damages but can help.
2. Soothing sun burn – Aloe vera and cool compresses to help inflammation. Oatmeal baths can also help soothe itchy skin.
3. Addressing hyperpigmentation – Vitamin C and green tea is an antioxidant to help lighten dark spots and promote collagen. Liquorice can help fade pigmentations as it inhibits melanin. Apple cider vinegar can be used to lighten darkening as well due to its acetic acid,
4. It is crucial to remember sun protection and hydration as well as a healthy diet to maximise the potential effect of any home remedy.
What is the best sun screen for sun damage repair?
Sun cream should be a broad-spectrum protection against UVA and UVB rays and should be at least a SPF 30. Key ingredients to look for are antioxidants which help neutralise free radicals caused by sun exposure. If dealing with sensitive skin mineral sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are suggested. It is also essential to get the right sunscreen to suit your skin types ie oily skin, dry skin etc
1. La Roche-Posay Anthelios:
This brand is highly regarded by dermatologists for its broad-spectrum protection and formulations suitable for sensitive skin.
2. Kiehl's Ultra Light Daily UV Defense SPF 50:
This is a very popular choice, and is a light weight sunscreen that offers high protection.
3. Clinique:
Clinique offers a wide range of sun protection products, with options for various skin types.
Remember:
Can sun damage be reversed completely?
Improvements can be made but complete reverse is not normally possible. You can address the visible signs and pigmentation. It is very difficult to reverse UV radiation damage to the DNA of skin cells. It is also very difficult to reverse significant structural changes to the skin from severe sun damage.
Does sun damage repair differ for different skin types?
When looking at sun damage repair it is important to tailor treatment for the different skin types.
Fair skin - Prone to sunburn, redness and irritation and could have visible capillaries.
Gentle products should be used with mineral sunscreen. Low intensity professional treatments like IPL and chemical peels.
Medium skin tones - Can exhibit sunspots and pigmentation
Broad spectrum sunscreen with a topical retinoid cream can assist. Q- switch lasers and fractional lasers are good options for professional treatments.
Darker skin tones- High risk of PIH as well as uneven pigment and dark spots
Consistent sun protection as well as lightening topical treatments to treat dark spots. Professional treatment would be low for every laser and light chemical peels.
What are affordable sun damage repair options?
Free options would be to maintain a healthy diet and hydration as well as adequate sleep.
Sunscreen is the most crucial and the most cost-effective solution for sun damage and this should be coupled with protective clothing.
Next on the least expensive treatments would be home remedies and DIY masks
Over the counter topical treatments consisting of
Next most affordable options would be chemical peels and microdermabrasion treatments
When you go to more advanced treatments like lasers these are not considered a cheap affordable option.
Does sun damage cause cancer?
Yes, sun damage is a major cause of cancer. UV radiation damages the DNA of skin cells which leads to mutations of the cells and uncontrollable growth. Resulting in skin cancer.
Types of Skin Cancer include
The more exposure and damage to the skin the greater the risk of cancer. Sunburn, especially in early years, can increase your risk of melanoma.
Protecting your skin from the sun is crucial for preventing skin cancer.
This includes wearing sunscreen, seeking shade, and wearing protective clothing.
Rosacea is a very common skin condition that mainly affects the face. Rosacea is a long-term condition that causes
There are different types of rosacea
Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR):
Often this is when people first notice rosacea and it presents persistent redness on the face especially cheeks, nose and the forehead.
Sometimes telangiectasia is visible (small blood vessels).
People with the first stage of rosacea tend to blush easily and their skin is sensitive.
Papulopustular Rosacea:
Often this is mistaken with Acne. Along with redness you also see red bumps and pus-filled pimples on the cheeks, chin and again the forehead.
Skin is often oily and sensitive.
Unlike acne where blackheads are generally present with rosacea they are not.
Phymatous Rosacea:
This presents itself with the skin thickening and becoming bumpy. It generally affects the nose where it becomes enlarged and bulbous (rhinophyma). The condition can also be seen to affect the chin, forehead, cheeks and ears. This form of rosacea is more common in men.
Ocular Rosacea:
This form of rosacea affects the eyes. Symptoms include
Eyelids become red, swollen and crusty. In severe cases this can lead to light sensitivity and blurred vision.
Curing Rosace is very difficult but managing the symptoms can help keep flare ups under control.
Rosacea is not fully understood and the cause is likely to be a combination of several factors. Some of the factors are
There is no known cure for rosacea. Treatment for rosacea is done by management of triggers with lifestyle adjustment and can also be treated by a range of aesthetic treatments. Aesthetic treatments range from topical and oral medications to laser and light treatments and for extreme situations surgical intervention
This method to manage Rosacea is the cheapest but also the easiest and something can be done straightaway.
Key lifestyle changes are knowing your triggers and avoiding them.
What are the triggers of Rosacea and management
This is a big one and simply wearing SPF 30+, seeking shade and wearing hats can help with this
These can simply be avoided and letting hot drinks cool can also help
Protecting your face with hats and scarfs
Protecting your face with hats and scarfs
Finding healthy ways to manage stress is good like exercise in a cool environment. Other things such as hobbies or meditation can also help with stress.
In a cool environment
Alcohol can be limited and avoiding red wine
These can be avoided where possible. Foods with anti-inflammatory properties, like those found in a Mediterranean diet, might be beneficial.
Let them cool
By using gentle, fragrance free for sensitive skin can help eliminate the triggers.
It is always wise to have a good skin care routine and this will help manage rosacea. Skin care routine should consist of
Cleanse Gently - using a mild, non-soap cleanser with lukewarm water. Do not rub the face and do this morning and evening
Moisturise - A gentle non-comodogenic solution can help smooth the skin and protect. To be used after cleansing.
Sunscreen - is a must and using sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide is well tolerated.
You can also get makeup that is rosacea friendly which is mineral based, fragrance free and non-comodogenic. Green-tinted primers or concealers can help with redness.
There a few things that can be bought over the counter to help with Rosacea such as
For more severe and persistent rosacea sufferers’ oral medications may be used often working on the premise to reduce inflammation.
Oral Antibiotics (Tetracyclines)
Antibiotics such as doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline, are often the first-line oral treatment. Their effectiveness in rosacea is their anti-inflammatory effects. Examples of these are Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline and lymecycline and are often used for several weeks and months.
Oral Metronidazole
An anti-inflammatory antibiotic can be used orally or topically.
Oral Isotretinoin
There are other types of oral medications less commonly used like beta-blockers and clonidine to manage flushing and work by constricting blood vessels.
Brimonidine gel (Mirvaso)
Is used to treat persistent facial redness an associated symptom of rosacea. It is FDA approved for this purpose. The gel is an alpha-adrenergic agonist. It caused the blood vessels in the face to constrict and shrink so making the appearance of the blood vessels to be less apparent and in such diminishing the redness. It takes a mere 30-minute minutes to be a effective and can last up to 12 hours
Light based treatments for rosacea are common and often performed in aesthetic clinics as well as medical clinics and consist of
Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy is popular and effective in managing some aspects of rosacea and is particularly good at reducing redness and vocable blood vessels. It uses a broad-spectrum of light pulses to target the vascular issues of the skin. The light emitted is absorbed by the haemoglobin in the blood vessels causing them to heat up and collapse. This helps reduce the redness and visibility of the blood vessels and reduces inflammation. The IPL treatment can also improve the overall skin tone and texture as well as stimulate collagen.
After the procedure there may be some redness and selling but these subsidies very quickly. It is important to use high factor sunscreen after. Treatments may take 3-6 to see a marked improvement but should be gradual after the first treatment.
Remember to consult a professional before any treatment and IPL is not recommended for people with darker skin tones. For best result combination therapies are recommended,
Light emitting diodes cane be used either as an in home solution or in an aesthetic/beauty clinic. LED therapy is gentle and non-invasive as a management strategy for rosacea. It involves the skin being exposed to light of a certain wavelength which in turn addresses different aspects of skin conditions.
Red light 630nm-700nm
This reduces inflammation which is a key benefit for rosacea management. The red light penetrates the skin targeting blood vessels and reduces redness and flushing. It also promotes healing and collagen production improving skin elasticity and texture.
Blue light 415nm-470nm
This is known for antibacterial properties and particularly useful for people with papulopustular rosacea. It also to a lesser extent reduces inflammation.
Yellow light 570nm-590nm
yellow light is believed to reduce redness and improve circulation by targeting blood vessels and promoting lymphatic drainage. It also helps improve blood flow which aids overall skin health. It has a calming and soothing effect which also helps with rosacea flare ups.
Green Light 520nm-560nm
This may help with hyperpigmentation and redness associated with rosacea. It can even our skin tone and reduce redness. It is less commonly used for treating rosacea.
LED therapy will require multiple sessions to see results often in the same week. LED is best used as part of a combination strategy for the management of rosacea.
There are different types of lasers that are used for rosacea and are an effective way as an in-office procedure to manage rosacea. Different types of laser target specific symptoms of rosacea.
Pulsed Dye laser (PDL) often called the gold standard laser for rosacea as it is very effective at treating redness and visible blood vessels associated with rosacea. A pulsed dye laser emits 585nm-595nm light that is highly absorbed by haemoglobin in the blood vessels. This causes them to collapse and become less visible.
Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) Laser is very similar in nature to PDL lasers where they used 532nm to target redness and small blood vessels and this wavelength is also effectively absorbed by haemoglobin
Nd:YAG Laser utilises 1064nm which penetrates deeper into the skin. It is used to target larger, deeper blood vessels. These blood vessels may feed the smaller blood vessels so will cause them to shrink and become less visible. Nd:YAG also reduces general redness and flushing.
Diode Laser (808nm-810nm) can also be used to target visible blood vessels and redness though are not considered to be the most effective.
CO2 10600nm lasers are ablative and used to remove the outer layer of skin and are used for the treatment of rhinophyma thickening around the nose in severe rosacea cases.
Erbium YAG lasers 2940nm are used to remove the outer layer of skin and are used for the treatment of rhinophyma thickening around the nose in severe rosacea cases.
Fractional lasers which can be either Co2 or erbium and are used to address symptoms of rosacea but again are not considered the first line of defence. They create thousands of microscopic treatment zones (think of pixels on a screen) while leaving the surrounding skin intact. This allows for faster healing and reduces downtime compared to traditional ablative lasers.
Fractional lasers can be ablative (removing the outer layers of skin) or non-ablative (heating the underlying tissue without removing the surface).
Q -Switched lasers have some role in management aspects of rosacea such as redness and vascular lesions. The very short, high-energy pulses break down the pigment or blood vessels into smaller particles that the body can eliminate. The Q switch 532nm can also target haemoglobin in blood vessels causing them to heat up and collapse, making it less visible. By targeting and reducing the network of tiny blood vessels contributing to facial redness, Q-switched lasers might lead to an overall improvement in the erythematous component of rosacea.
Laser treatments are quick and relatively painless but a cooling gel or air cooling can be used during and after treatment. Redness and swelling is possible after treatment but it quickly resolves up to a week. There may be some bruising and skin is sensitive to light so SPF is a must.
Treatments are done in a course between 1-5 treatments spaced weeks apart and results are long-lasting but not permanent. Again, lasers are best deployed as part of a combination therapy.
The cost to treat Rosacea depends on
Remember a combination therapy is likely to lead to the best outcomes.
Prescription medication such as:
NHS prescriptions are £9.90 if they can be obtained that way
Over the counter products vary greatly in price from a few pounds to significantly more for premium brands.
Led costs are likely to be £50-£100 per session
IPL costs are likely to be be £50 -£300 per session
Lasers cost are likely to be £50 -£600 per session
All light based treatment costs depend on
This requires caution and a must to speak to a clinical professional before any treatments are undertaken.
Over the counter treatments and skincare are considered the safest way to manage rosacea and lifestyle changes to avoid the triggers for rosacea.
Topical medications are considered low risk but again need to be prescribed.
Oral antibiotics and Laser and light treatments generally are avoided.
Rosacea is a difficult condition to treat and manage and is an ongoing concern that whilst can be managed will not go away on its own.
A birthmark is something that is present at birth or appears very early after birth (within 1st month) and is described as an irregularity of the skin. This means that it looks different to the rest in skin in terms of:
The birthmark can vary in:
What the cause of a birthmark is nobody really understands and is not down to the mother. It is suggested that they could be:
2.Pigmented cells which are usually tan, brown and black in appearance and include:
Birthmarks are generally considered harmless and don’t require treatment and can often fade over the years. Birthmarks are also generally benign although some birthmarks can be associated with underlying conditions or in rare cases the risk of skin cancer.
A wise move is to get the birthmark examined by a professional especially if the birthmark changes in size, colour and shape or becomes painful, itchy or bleeding.
Birthmarks can be removed safely and effectively or can at least be faded. The best method of removal is dependent on the type of birthmark, its size, its location and the colour of the birthmark. The age of the personal and the skin type will also determine the method of removal.
People consider birthmark removal for the following reasons:
The main methods of removal which will go through in further detail are:
This is one of the most common and effective methods for removing birthmarks. Different types of lasers have different characteristics that make them suited to removing certain types of birthmarks.
Pulsed Dye Lasers (PDL):
Gold standard for vascular birthmarks like port-wine stains. They target the red pigment in blood vessels, causing them to shrink and fade. Pulsed Dye lasers are preferred by Nd:YAG can be used for deeper larger lesions
Long pulse Nd:YAG lasers (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet)
This laser is a versatile tool used in aesthetics and can be successfully used for the treatment of certain types of birthmarks. It's particularly known for its effectiveness on pigmented lesions due to its specific wavelength.
Nd:YAG lasers are primarily used for birthmarks that are pigmented, generally caused by overproduction of melanin. The types of birthmarks include
Q-Switched Lasers (e.g., Nd:YAG):
Very effective tool for pigmented birthmarks like café-au-lait spots and moles. These short high intensity pulses break down the pigment and then the body then removes them.
Fractional Lasers
Can be used alongside other laser treatments and are particularly good for resistant birthmarks or to improve skin texture.
Effectiveness: Lasers can provide significant fading or clearance for appropriate birthmarks. Multiple session needed 6-8 weeks apart and to allow fragment to disperse. Sessions depends on size, depth and colour of lesion
Safety: Vital to be performed by an experienced and qualified professional. The laser is precise so avoids damage to surrounding tissue so is considered a safe procedure.
Discomfort: Often described as feeling like the flick of a rubber band. Topical anaesthetic cream can be applied to minimize discomfort, especially for more sensitive areas or children.
Side Effects:
This involves physically cutting out the birthmark and stitching the skin back together.
Effectiveness: This is often associated as the gold standard especially for birthmarks such as moles which is important to consider for malignancy.
Safety: A generally safe procedure.
Side Effects:
Certain medications can be used for the treatment of birthmarks and mainly vascular birthmarks. Medications such as
Effectiveness: Can be very effective in shrinking or fading certain types of birthmarks. The earlier these are started the better.
Safety: Generally safe under medical supervision
Involves freezing the birthmark with liquid nitrogen, which destroys the abnormal cells.
Effectiveness: More commonly used for smaller, superficial birthmarks.
Safety: Can be effective, but carries a risk of scarring and temporary skin discoloration.
There is no scientifically proven evidence to support home remedies for removing birthmarks and trying can often lead to adverse outcomes.
Home remedies are considered ineffective. The types of things used maybe such as applying
They may temporarily lighten the skin but will not remove the birthmark. Harsh ingredients and wrong technique can lead to skin irritation or burns and exacerbate the issue.
Makeup can be a great tool for dealing with birthmarks as a non-invasive way to cover up and even out skin tone. Specialist makes have a higher pigment content to help with coverage.
Popular brands for these makeups are:
This is a skin resurfacing procedure that uses a rapidly rotating device with an abrasive tip to effectively sand away the outer layers of the skin. It removes old skin and allows new skin to grow in its place.
It is used for superficial birthmarks and predominantly pigmented ones not vascular (avoid bleeding). It was popular for raised moles, café-au-lait spots and beckers nevus though the advent of laser has made dermabrasion less popular.
Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure and can be used to treat vascular birthmarks and in particular venous malformations. It works by injecting a chemical solution directly into the vessel. This induces a chemical burn of the vessel walls causing them to stick together and close off the blood supply.
The cost of birthmark treatment depends on
Laser treatment is often £100 - £300 per session for small lesions. Costs can go into the thousands for larger complex treatments
Surgical Removal can range from £300 - £800 for a single excision and then can go into thousands for complex removals.
Cryotherapy Often used for smaller, superficial lesions and can range from £50 -£200 per session
Sclerotherapy Primarily for vascular malformations can range from £100 -£500 per session
Removing birthmarks during pregnancy requires careful consideration and is often advised to wait until after delivery and after breastfeeding.
A stretch mark is known In the medical world as Striae distensae. A stretch mark is a scar that is formed when the skin is either stretched or shrinks rapidly. This rapid change in the skin causes the collagen and elastin to rupture and as the skin heals these marks appear. Collagen and elastic are the proteins that support the skins’ structure.
A stretch mark has the appearance of streaks or lines on the skin. They can appear as different colours which depend on the age of the stretch mark and the person's skin type. As stretch marks get older, they often fade and become whiter in appearance as well as less noticeable and less indented in the skin. Stretch marks will often not disappear entirely.
Here are some of the most common causes of stretch marks:
Stretch marks are common in both men and women and are most common in
As we have mentioned stretch marks are a scar which are permanent but there are procedures that can minimise the appearance of stretch marks and reduce them in size and severity.
The effectiveness of stretch mark reduction depends on things such as:
Treatments for stretch marks range from home use methods like skin care routings and aesthetic treatments such as laser therapy.
Aesthetic/medical procedures are most effective for stretch reduction however they are home-use methods that can improve the appearance even more so if the stretch mark is new.
Over the counter treatments are dependent on the ingredients, some have an effect while others show little effect.
This removes the top layer of skin and dead skin cells which can help improve the texture and appearance of stretch marks over time. Sugar scrubs can also help with use and a home use microdermabrasion.
A healthy lifestyle is paramount for healthy skin and helps prevent stretch marks from forming. Drink lots of water and a vitamin rich diet as well as toxin and protein for skin support and elasticity.
Always remember
Needs to be a strict routine
Massage over the area can help improve blood flow and absorption
Timing by treating new stretch marks straight away
Consult a healthcare profession especially if breast feeding or during pregnancy.
When using skincare routine for stretch mark reduction this focuses on improving skin elasticity and the appearance. Stretch mark can be faded over time with a good skin care routine but will probably never disappear and the newer the stretch mark the more likely it is to see results.
The idea of skincare routine is to keep the skin hydrated and supple would consist of
The ingredients common in skincare routine for stretch marks are Hyaluronic acid, Shea and cocoa butter plants oils vitamin E and C as well as Centella Asitica. Retinoids are also used over stretch marks
Habits can help maintain healthy skin and reduce the risk of stretch marks and consist of things such as
Hydration – Drink plenty of water
Diet – Healthy balanced diet rich in vitamins, zinc and protein.
Healthy and constant weight
This is one of the most popular methods for stretch mark reduction and one of the most effective.
Fractional lasers are the most common and effective types of laser for treating stretch marks. Instead of treating the entire skin surface they create a grid of microscopic treatment zones in the skin. By leaving the surrounding tissue untouched it stimulates faster healing and less downtime.
Fractional Ablative lasers (CO2 and erbium lasers) used to break down the scar tissue and remove layers of skin. These are used for severe and older stretch marks that are often deeper.
Fractional non-ablative laser which stimulates elastin and collagen production to improve skin texture and colour over time from within. Best used in newer stretch marks.
Pulsed Dye lasers are non-ablative that target blood vessels. The laser energy is absorbed by haemoglobin and causes the blood vessels under the stretch marks to collapse. This method is best for newer, red/purple stretch marks and helps reduce inflammation making them less apparent.
Excimer laser uses ultraviolet B (UVB) light to stimulate production of melanin in the skin. Which will help older whiter stretch marks blend in better with the surrounding skin.
Picosecond Lasers (Pico Lasers) deliver ultra-short pulses of energy to the skin which shatters the scar tissue stimulating the body to produce new healthy skin cells and can be used on both newer and older stretch marks and all skin types.
Q-switched lasers are most famous for tattoo removal and treating pigmented lesions but can also be used for stretch marks as they address the hyperpigmentation to help even out skin tone and stimulate collagen production by controlled thermal injury. Q switch lasers can also help reduce the inflammation by targeting the blood vessels underlying stretch marks.
Nd:YAG lasers use 1064nm wavelength which targets deep within the dermis of the skin where stretch marks form and work to reduce stretch marks by:
is popular for certain types of stretch marks ie just appeared. IPL uses a broad spectrum of light in intense pulses which are absorbed by a chromophore and in stretch marks this chromophore would be haemoglobin and melanin.
Hemoglobin The IPL's light energy is absorbed by the haemoglobin in these vessels, causing them to heat up and collapse. This process reduces the redness and inflammation, helping the stretch marks to fade and blend with the surrounding skin tone.
Melanin: IPL can also address any hyperpigmentation that may occur within the stretch marks. The light energy is absorbed by the excess melanin, which is then broken down and naturally removed by the body
This uses a device where tiny needles are used to create micro-channels of injury within the skin. This process then causes the body to naturally heal leading to new collagen and elastin which in turn will help smooth out and fill in stretch marks
This uses traditional microneedling along with radiofrequency which allows the needles to deliver heat in the deeper skin layers stimulating further collagen production and skin tightening.
This uses a chemical to remove the top layer of skin. By doing this it encourages new, healthier skin to grow. This is not the most effective on deep stretch marks but can improve the appearance of stretch marks in general.
If a person has a large proportion of loose skin then a procedure such as abdominoplasty can physically remove the skin with the stretch marks on it.
Non-invasive cosmetic procedure considered a gentler option that can offer some improvement, particularly for superficial stretch marks. Microdermabrasion works by physically exfoliating the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis using either crystal and diamond-tip. When the dead skins are removed this triggers body's own natural healing to stimulate new cells and new collagen/elastin which can help reduce inflammation and improve skin texture. It is suitable for many skin types.
Stretch mark camouflage with makeup is a popular, relatively new and effective temporary solution for those who want to conceal their stretch marks. It shows immediate results and can be either done at home or in a professional salon.
It is important that the skin is prepared properly with exfoliation, moisturising and then priming and the right products and used specifically for camouflage and are the correct colour for the specific stretch marks to be treated. It is also vital to use a highly pigmented full coverage foundation/concealer specifically for the body such as Dermablend, Covermark or Keromask.
No treatment delivers 100% removal though stretch marks can be dramatically improved especially with combination therapies. Like all treatments it is best to consult with a dermatologist/ laser technician to determine the most suitable treatment plan for your specific case.
The treatment of stretch marks can dramatically improve self-confidence and improve the appearance of skin.
The cost of treatments carries according to
Laser and light are an expensive option but considered most effective and prices can range from £100 -£500 or more per session. These are often sold in packages of upto 8 treatments.
All types of lasers can be included in this broad range of prices.
Microneedling is typically charged at £100 -£250 per session and slightly more for radiofrequency RF.
Microdermabrasion is a cheaper option and can range from £30-£100 per session and again often sold in packages
Surgery is very expensive option that can cost thousands
At home remedies are the least expensive and often the least effective.
